History 2-14
I’m sure that almost everyone (every one) of you looked at your watch or at a clock before you came to class today. Watches and Clocks seem as like a parts of our life as like breathing and (or) eating. And yet did you know that watches and clocks were scared (scarce) in the United States until the 1850s’(1850’s). In the late 1700, people didn’t know the exact time unless they were near the (a) clock. Those diliful (delightful) clocks in the squares or European towns were built for the public. After all, most citizens simply couldn’t afford to the (a) personal time piece (timepiece). While until the 1900, in Europe or(and) the United States, the main purpose of a watch, which, by the way was offered (often) by on a gold chain, was to show others how wealthy you were. The word watch (wristwatch) didn’t enter the English language until the nearly 1900. By then, the rapid pace of industry reselation (industrialization) in the United States meant that measuring time become essential. How could the factory worker get to work on time, at least (unless) he or she know exactly what time it was? Since efficiency was now measured by how fast the job was done, everyone was interested in time. And since industry reselation (industrialization) made possible the manufacture of large quantity (quantities) of goods, watches become (became) fairly inexpensive. Furthermore, electric lights kept factor (factories) going around the clock. Being on time had went into (entered) the language-- and life-- of every citizen.
In today’s class, we will be examining some 19th century patton (pattern) books that were used for building houses. I think it’s fair to say that this patton (pattern) books were the most important influence on the design of house in the North America (North American houses) during the 19th century.
This because most people those who want to build a house couldn’t afford to hire an architector (architect). Instead, they bought patton (pattern) books, picked out the (a) plan and took it to the builder. The difference of cause (in cost) was substantial. In 1870, for example, hiring an architector (architect) was about 100 dollors (dollars). At the same time, a patton (pattern) book written by an architecror (architect) cost only 5 dollars.
At that price, it is easy to say why patton (pattern) books were so popular. Some are backprinting (back in print) today. And of course it cost more than they did one hundred years ago. But they have invaluable resourse (resource) for historians and also for around people who restore old houses. I have a modern reprint here,that I will be passing around the room for(in) a moment, so every one can have a look.
pattern 式样，模样
architect 建筑师
architecture 建筑
substantial 真实的，现实的
historian 历史学家
Last week we talked about Anbride street (Anne Bradstreet) and the role of women in the portray (Puritan) colonies. Today I want to talk some other women who’ve contributed to the American history. Some so (/) famous, (/) some not-- so -- famous.
The first woman I want to talk about was Molly Piture (Pitcher). Those of you who are familiar with the name may know her as ______ (a hero of American) revolution. But, in fact, there never was not (/) a woman who named Molly Piture Piture (Pitcher). Her real name was actually Mary __ Higos (Ludwig Hays). She got mixed name (nickname) Molly Piture (Pitcher) for her extra bravere (acts of bravery) doing in the revolutionary war. As the story goes, when Mary’s or Molly’s husband, Jone (John)___ Hays, in the _____ (enlisted in the artillery ), many (Mary) followed, Like many other women did. She helped out doing cooking and washing for the solders (soldiers). She was known as a pretty unusual woman. She smoke (smoked) the pipe and shoot (chewed) tobacco. Anyway, in the summer of 1778, at battle of M______(Monmouth), it was belist (blistering) hot day, maybe over 100 degrees and 50 solders died for (of) ____ thirst of (during) the battle. Molly was content to stayed (stay) the camp. Instead, she went (run) throught (through) ____(gunshots) and ___ cannon
fair, carrying water and (in pitchers ) from small stream out the (to) _____the thirsty American solders. The relief of the ______ that she brought with her pitchers of water gave her legend (legendary) mixed name (nickname) Molly Piture (Pitcher). The story also says she continue to lord (load) and fire her husband cannon after he was wounded. They say she was so well liked by other solders, so they called her sogent (Sergeant) Molly. In fact, legend has ______it that Gorge Wonshinton (Washington) himself gave her the special military title.
load 装弹药
sergeant 警官
chew 咀嚼
bravery 勇敢
pitcher 大水罐
gunshot 炮击
legendary 传说中的
blistering 酷热的
nickname 绰号
Puritan 清教徒
enlist 应征，参军
artillery 炮的总称
pipe 管子，烟斗
die of 因某病而死
die for 为……而死
a hero of American 漏听的
belist (blistering) 听错的，或者不认识的单词编的
solders (soldiers) 认识的单词听错了
Welcome to yellow stone national park. Before we begin our nature walk today, I will give you a short history about out national park service. The national park service began in the late 1800. A small group of explores has just completed a month--long exploration of region that is now the (/) yellow stone. They gathered around the campfire, and after hours of discussing, they decided that they should not clean (claim) the land for themselves. They thought (felt) they (it) should be accessible for every one. So they began a campaign to preserve this land for everyone’s enjoyment.
Two years later, in the late 1900 century, and _____(an act of Congress) saised(signed) by President ______Ulysses S. Grant, claim (proclaim) the yellow stone region a public park. It was the first national park in the world. After yellow stone became the public park, many other areas of great ___scenic importance was (were) ___set aside. And in 1960, the national park service was established by ___to manage this park.
As a park region (ranger), I am an employee of the national park service. In the national park, park regioners (ranger) are on duty at all times to answer questions and help visitors in every (any) difficulty. Nature walks, ____ tools (guided tours), and camp fire talks are offered by expecially (specially) for (/) training self (staff) members. The park service also protects animals and plants in the parks.
So why did what is now called modern dance begin in the United States? To begin to answer this question, I need to back prite (backtrack) a little bit and talk about classical ballet. By the late 1800 century (/), ballet had lost its popularity. Most of ballet dancers who performed in the United States were brought over from the Europe. They performed using the rigid technic (techniques) that had been passing (passed) down through the centuries. Audients (audiences) and dancers in the United States were eager for their own contemporary dance form. And So around 1900, dancers created one.
So how was this modern dance so different from classical ballet? Or (Well) most notably, it was not carefully career graph (choreographed). Instead, the dance deponds (deponded) on the impropersation (improvisation) and free personal expression of the dancers. Music and ______ (scenery) was not (were of little) important (improtance) for the modern dance and lightness and (of) movement were (was) not important either. In fact, modern dances made no attempt at all to conceal the effort involved in the dance step. But Even if the ______improvisation appealed to audients (audiences). Many dance critics were less than enthusiasm (enthusiastic) about the performances. They questioned the artists and techtec (artistic integrity of ) dancers who were not professional trained and the artistic valuble (value) of works had no formal structure. Luis 4(Loie Fuller), after performing fire dance, was described as
doing little more than turning round and round like an egg bear (eggbeater). Yet the free personal expression of pineer (pioneer) dancers is the basic (basis) ____ of the controlled freedom of modern dance today.
It seems like only yesterday that I was sitting where you are, just finishing my first year of medical school and wondering if I’d ever get a chance to use all my new knowledge on the real live patient.
Well, I have good news for you. You don’t have to wait until your third or fourth year medical school to get on some hand - on experience. The dean has invited me here to tell you about the university’s rural opportunity program. If you’ve (/) involved (enroll) in this program, you can have the opportunity this summer after your first year of medical school, to spend from four to six weeks abserving (observing) and assisting a real _physicial_____, like me in a small rural community. You won’t have to compete with other students with time and position （attention）, and you can see what life as a country doctor is really like.
The program was designed to encourage medical students like yourself (yourselves) to consider careers in rural communities that still understaffed. It seems like medical students are afraid to go into the rural family practice for two reasons. First, they don’t know much about it, and second specialists in the cities usually make more money. But on the _up-side____ in rural practice, doctors really get to know their patients, and be respected by the numbers of community.
I participated in the program when It was first started and spend six weeks in a small rural town. Let me tell you, it was really great. I got to work with really patients. I watched the birth of child, assistant (assisted) an accident____ victom (victim), and had lots of really practical hands-on experience, all in one summer. And to my surprise, I found the country life has a lot to offer the city life doesn’t. No pollution and traffic jam for instance. My experience made me work where I was needed and appreciated. I don’t miss the city at all. 作者: lastingsh 时间: 2009-1-11 22:38 标题: Campus topic 2
An announcement in the university class
In a (the) few minutes that remained (remain of) in(/) the class, I would(‘d) like to discuss next week’s schedule with you. Because I _________ I’m presenting a paper at a conference into choice (in Detroit) on Thursday, I won’t be here for either Wenthday’s (Wednesday) or Friday’s class. I will, however, be here on (for) Monday’s.
Next Friday, a week from today, is the mid-term exam, marking the half-way point of (in) the semester. Prof. Andrew has agreed to administer the exam. In place of usual Wenthday’s (Wednesday) class, I will range (‘ve arranged) an optional review lesson (session). Since it is optional, attendance will not be taken. However, attending the class would be a good idea for those who are (/) worried about the mid-term. So remember, optional class next Wenthday (Wednesday), mid-term, Friday.
This days life is a little harder for me, and in some field, I have to say that I lost myself and can't find the goal for life.
Everyday's life is just pertending that everything is ok, but eventually, there is something wrong which I don't want to face.
While, if I keep this, I will lose myself forever and become someone I don't like. It's a shame and humiliation for the old days I had striven.
It is no room for escape, remember.
Now face it and do things right at first time.
Believe meself and persist.
I am only in my boat, and no one can help me if I don't help myself at first.
今天不想听托福了，写一下绝主开头结尾的自述。
5－1
It will happen to all of us eventually, the moment will come when we ask ourselves.
When did the time go?
How did the children I once cradled grow up so quickly?
How did life I dreamt of, turn into a career I never expected?
And how did the woman I saw each everyday in a mirror become someone I don't even recognize?
It goes by quickly, in a flash, the life we knew is gone forever.
And we're left to ask ourselves, how could he has left me?
When did my beauty start to fade?
Why has my friend changed?
Was I the best mother I could have been?
Of course, there are some people who understand how quickly time passes. That's why they're so determined to get they want before it's so late.
Airline representative at campus fair
Good afternoon, I am here today to talk to you about career with our airline, where’s (we’re) especially interested in including (recruiting) people to feel (fill) opening for flight intendance (attendants).
First of all, to work as flight intendance (attendants) with us, you must be except (accepted) our training program. And with so many people applying, it’s not easy to be selected. From thousands of applications that we received annually, we choose fewer than a thousand people for training, so we require experience servicing the public, and it’s also help if you’ve earnd some college credits. Also not everyone who gets accepted into the program makes it through. It needs (The course meets) six days a week and five weeks. The training includes excu__ (extensive) classroom working such subjects like first aid, passagers (passengers) socollege (psychology) as well as practical training like flight procedures and meal service. A lot of our graduates said (say) that our flight intendance (attendants) develops the skill of a nurse, a hand-waiter (headwaiter) and public relations executive.
But as a flight intendance (attendant) myself, I can say that all of the hard work is worth it, of course, I get to travel throughout the country, and the airline pays all of my expenses while I am way (away) to (from) the base station. What I like best of all is that I can (‘ve) make friends with people from all over the country.
Resident adviser in the dormitory for the first year college students
I need to make sure that you understand how to get housing for next year. When you entered as first year students this year, the school send (assigned) you a dorm and a roommate. But next year as returning students, you’ll choose both your roommate and your dorm.
But whether or not you actually get to live in your first choice depends on what the number you or your roommate draws in the loundary (lottery)system. The system gets the priority to the student who has been here longest. Fourth year students get the first block of numbers, third year get the second block, second years, like you’ll be, get the third. The lower the number you draw, the sooner you choose. No. 1 gets the first choice, No.2 gets the second choice and so on. You can use either your own or your entered roommate’s number to make your room choice. If your roommate for next year has been the school longer than you have, they’ll be in the better block numbers, and so you ‘ll (will) have better number than any other(/) second year students. But most of you will probably be rooming with other second year students, and so neither of you will have great number. You may not get your first or even second choice.
Of course, if you make plans to live off the campus, you don’t need to enter the loundary (lottery) at all. Dorm space will be especially tight next year, because the dorm on north campus will be close for renevations (renovations). This means that those of you who draw the worse numbers won’t be able to get the housing at all. In that case, the housing office will help you find the off-campus housing.
[ 本帖最后由 lastingsh 于 2009-1-18 20:57 编辑 ]作者: lastingsh 时间: 2009-1-20 23:07 标题: Psychology and physiology of People 1
In our lab today, we will be testing the high (/) hypothesis that babies can count as early as five months of age. The six babies here are all less than six months old. You will be watching them on close-circuit to (/) the (/) TV to (and) measuring their responses.
The experiment that (is) basis (based) on the well-established observation that babies stay (stare) longer if they don’t see what they expect to see. First, we are going to let two dolls move slowly in front of the babies. The babies will see the two dolls disappear behind the (a) screen. Your job is to record, in seconds, how long the babies stay (stare) of the dolls when the screen is removed.
In the next stage, two dolls will again move in front of the babies and disappear, but then a third doll will follow. When the screen is removed, the babies will only see the two dolls. If we are right, the babies will be (/) now stay (stare) longer because they expect three dolls but they only see two. It seems remarkable that the young children can count. My own research has convinced they have this ability from birth. But whether they do or not, perhaps we should reason another question. Should we take advantage of this ability by teaching children mathematics by such a young age? They have great untyped (untapped) potential. But it’s good for parents to presher (pressure) young children.
提示: 作者被禁止或删除 内容自动屏蔽作者: lastingsh 时间: 2009-2-1 17:34 标题: The preparing plan
每天听写2.5小时，然后认真跟读，仔细模仿发音和语调。
It's the high time to do my best!作者: lastingsh 时间: 2009-2-5 16:26 标题: Psychology and physiology of People 4
You might think that most of patients at sleep clinics are being treated for sleeplessness, commonly referred to as insomnia. But that is not the case. The majority of clinic patients suffer from disorders of excessive sleep or hypersomnia. While most insomnia (insomniacs) somehow manage to drug themselves through the day and function acceptable, although not optimal levels, this is not so for people who suffer from hypersomnia.
They are incapacitated by irresistible urges to sleep during the day, often in inappropriate situations, at business meetings, in supermarket, or parties. Even more dangerous is their failure to remain awake when driving or operating machine. Falling asleep in such situations could be life thertening (threatening).
Many hypersomnia (hypersomniacs) suffer from narcolepsy, for which the primary symptom is excessive daytime sleepiness. Though not apparent in childhood, this symptom most often for the first time during the teen years and continue throughout the person’s life. The sleep attacks may occur as many as 15 to 20 times during the course of the day, and last for period from 15 minutes up to 2 hours. What can be done to help those suffering from narcolepsy? There are certain drugs they can help and specialists suggest voluntary napping to decrease the frequency of such sleep attacks.
clinic n. 门诊
a.门诊的
clinician n.临床医生
insomnia 失眠，失眠症
insomniac 失眠症患者
optimal 最佳的，最理想的
optimality 最优性
incapacitated v. 无能为力
irresistible a. 不可抵抗的，不能压制的
threaten v. 恐吓，威胁
hypersomnia 嗜睡
narcolepsy 嗜眠发作
symptom n. 症状，征兆
voluntary a. 自动的，主动的
volunteer n. 志愿者
v. 自愿
a. 志愿的，义务的
继续坚持作者: lastingsh 时间: 2009-2-7 12:08 标题: Physiology and Psycology of person 7
Listen to a professor talking to in the class
So you see physical illness can have psychological causes. Now we just have time to introduce another interesting example of the interreaction(interaction) between mind and body, Placebos. Placebos, may be for (maybe you’ve heard) them called suger(sugar) pills, are harmless unsensess (substances), not always sugar. But the use of retainteen they ____ of sick people in experiment (that are used routinely on group of sick people in experiment). There experiments test the effectiveness of use of new drugs. One group is given the new drug; the other group is given placebos. As a result of measure (And the results are measured), as you might guess, some of the people who received the new drug get better. Surprisingly however, some of the placebo group also get better. Why? Well, it is an interesting question, one which doctor can’t quite answer. Some of group may have gotten better on their own, without any treatment at all. But research has shown the very active taking medication that you think they(/) will make better, often doesn’t(does) make you feel better. Have you even taken an aspring(aspirin) and felt better in those bedring (/)in five minute? Aaspirin ____ doesn’t work that fast as does(, does it?).
Basicly (basically) if you believe you will get better, sometimes you do. The history of how doctors and hullors (healers) have used the mind-body connection to cure people is long and interesting. But as I see it’s time to close, so I had (I’ll have) to cover it (this in) the next class. You have to hold your questions on topics till then. Before you go, I have some hand outs (handouts) for you conserning (concerning) the mid term next week.
physical a. 身体的，物质的
psychological a. 心理上的
interaction n.相互作用
interreaction 相互反应
substance n.物质，实质，主旨
routinely av. 例行公事地
medication n.药物治疗，药物
aspirin n.阿司匹林
basically av. 基本上地
handout n.分发的印刷品，新闻稿
concerning 关于
读了5遍，还要再读
[ 本帖最后由 lastingsh 于 2009-2-7 12:09 编辑 ]作者: lastingsh 时间: 2009-2-8 09:38 标题: Physiology and Psychology of people 6
Listen to a mad match, a radio program about medical news
Did you ever wonder why it is that most people are programmed to sleep at night and stay step (instead of) during the day. If there is something about the cycle of light and dark that’s telling us when to sleep, then shouldn’t the sleep cycle of blind people be different? As it turns out, many blind people—people with no visial (visual) perception of light at all, do have the same sleep cycle as the (/) sighted people. So now you’re wondering how could (can) this happen? The answer is Hormones--One hormone in particular. It’s called Malytonue (melatonin). In sighted people, the level of melyiton (melatonin) goes up at night or when it’s dark, and goes down when it’s day (in the day) or when it’s light. It’s believed that it’s the present of this hormone in the blood that gives up the urge to sleep. If an increase that melitory(melatonin) level programs settled(sighted) people to sleep at night. Then what about blind people?
A research named Dr. C Cheslar (Charles Czeisler), tells about the (an) interesting experiment. He tried to (/) shinning a bride (bright) light into the eyes of some blind people. When he did this, he noticed that the level of Malytonue(melatonin) in the blood of this subject went down just like what is (it would) do for sighted people. Somehow, the eyes of this subject even through they were damaged and had no visial (visual) perception of light could tell their brain when
there was moro last (more or less) light. Now it (this) doesn’t work for all blind people. In fact, most C(Czeisler)’s subjects had no hormones response to light at all. Future research may be able to explain the (this) sensitivity to light in terms of the type of the blindness of the subject.
visual a.视觉的，形象的
perception n. 理解，感知，感觉
hormone n. 荷尔蒙，激素
urge n. 强烈愿望，迫切要求
这个感觉较好
[ 本帖最后由 lastingsh 于 2009-2-8 10:06 编辑 ]作者: lastingsh 时间: 2009-2-8 23:48 标题: Psychology and Physiology of Person 5-- Mood
Did you know you can catch a mood? About (A bad) mood, it can’t spread by _____ as a flowes (isn’t spread by a virus like the flu is). But it can be contagious. Moods sort of drift from person to person unconsciously-- slight, unintentional signals carry the mood. You probably experienced yourself. You are around someone who’s feeling down and showing it. Slam (slumped) shoulders, downcoust (downcast) mouth, subdured (subdued) voice, all that’s sort of things. Pretty soon, you begin to feel depress too. Of course, good moods are also catching, not bad ones.
Moods spread and (in) steps. One person’s facial expression, or whatever is observed by another, who unconsciously begins to meet it (mimic). The process is automatic, _____ seconds to imcream (a split second mimicry).
The person is (isn’t) even weare (aware) of the copying. A full bloom (full-blown) case of mood transfroud (transfer) develops as the copying continues.
No everyone picks up the moods in (to) the same degree. Those who’re most acceptable (susceptible), often have strong physiological responses of (to) what’s going on around them. You know people who break out in a nervous sweat easily and _____whose stomachs churn.
People don’t all send moods equally with either. The best mood senders are the(/) expressive people Because mood contagion can’t happen without signals. If they are in (aren’t) there, that is the person gives no indication of the mood there in. No body will pick up the mood.
virus n. 病毒
flu n. 流感
drift n. 漂流物，观望
v. 使漂流
unconscious a. 无意识的，未发觉的
slump n./v. 消沉，衰退
downcast a.沮丧的，气馁的
subdue v.征服
subdued a.屈服的，柔和的
full-blown a.盛开的，成熟的
mimic v./a./n. 模仿，
mimicry n. 模仿
susceptible a. 易受影响的，易感动的
churn n./v. 搅乳器，搅拌
[ 本帖最后由 lastingsh 于 2009-2-8 23:51 编辑 ]作者: lastingsh 时间: 2009-2-9 20:31 标题: Business 4 small management
Today, I’d like to turn our attention to an area management often overlooked in traditional management courses—small business management. Small businesses have gone from being traditional small town stores selling food or closing to sefisticated (sophisticated) high tick (high-tech) unterprise (enterprises). And in addition to the important products they produce, they create jobs for lots of people because they are so many of them.
It is important for management to keep in mind which of the customs (customers’) needs the business service. Because they can serve all their needs. Writing a business plan that everyone in the organization understands and follows will help to provide the necessary focus to (and) the (/) direction. It’s important to stay clearly what the purpose of the business is. Additionally, each person with in (within) the organization must know what test (tasks) to be form (perform) in order to per-fill (fulfill) that purpose.
Now if for some reason business plan doesn’t work, try hard to discover why not. Rewrite it and immediately focus on the new plan. A word of (A work of caution), however,___never give up a bad plan without replacing it. A business has to have a plan, because it can’t afford to waste limited resources and did you know waste leads to unnecessary high production costs. Production costs are at the heart of the company’s ability to make a high quality product and sell then (it) at an affordable price.
sophisticated a. 诡辩的，世故的
high-tech a.高科技
enterprise n.企业
keep in mind 紧记
perform v. 履行，完成，表现
fulfill v.完成
production cost 生产成本
I hope you’ve all finished reading the assigned chapter on the insurance. So you’ve prepared for all (our) discussion today. But before we start, I would (‘d) like to mention some (a few) things your text doesn’t go into.
It’s interesting to know (note) the (that) insurance has existed in some form for a very long time. The earliest insurance policies were called the bottomry contract. They provided the shipping protection for merchants ___ as far back as three thousand BC. In general, the contract was often no more than the verble (verbal) agreements. The granted loans to merchants with the understanding that if a particular shipment of goods were lost in the sea, the loan didn’t have to be repay (repaid). Insteaded (Interest) on the loans vary (varied) according to how risky it was to transport the goods. During the period of having paricy (heavy piracy at sea) for example, the amount of interest and the cost of policy went up considerably.
So you can see how insurance helped encourage the international trend, even the most courish (cautious) merchants became willing to risk shipping their goods over long distances, not to mention in hazardous the (/) weather condition when they have this kind of pertection (protection) available.
General speaking, the basic form of the (an) insurance policy has been pretty much the some since the middle-age. There are four points that were selling then and remain ___ (paramount)
in all policies today. There are outlines on the chapter six, and will service as the base (basis) of rest of today’s discussion. Can anyone tell me what one of those points might be?
assign v. 分配
as far back as 远在，早在
bottomry 船舶抵押契约
no more than 只是
shipment n. 装船，出货
piracy n. 盗版
caution n. 小心，谨慎
cautious a. 谨慎的，小心的
protection n. 保护
paramount a. 极为重要的
loan n. 贷款，借出 v. 借
Current studies show what goes on with labels is an important considerations for manufactures, since more than seventy percent of shoppers read food labels when considering whether to buy a food product. A resent controversy as to whether labels on are (/) prepared food should educate or merely inform consumer is over. And consumer group got its way. The group is (had) maintained that products labels should do more than simply list how many grounds (grams) of nutrition (nutrients) a food contains. Their contention was that labels should also list the percentage of dace (a day’s) total nutrition (nutrients) the products contains (will supply) to the consumer, because this information is essential in planning a healthy diet.
A government agency disagreed strongly, a label. ____(favoring a label that merely informs the consumer), in another words a label should (that) only lists the contains (contents) of the product. The agency maintained that consumer could decide for themselves if the food is nutritious and is meeting the daily needs. The consumer group, isn’t for (in) supporting this case, had setted (cited) a survey in which shoppers were shown a food label, and were then asked if they would need the (/) more of less of a certain nutrition (nutrients) after eating a serving the products. The shoppers weren’t able to answer the questions easily when they were not given the percific (specific) percentage. This study under (, and) others help to get the new regulation past (passed), and now food products must have the more detailed labels.
label n. 标签，商标，名牌
v.贴标签
manufacture n./v. 制造，加工
shopper n.购物者
inform v. 通知，告诉
informed a. 见多识广的
nutrient a. 有营养的
n. 营养品
gram n. 克
contention n. 争夺，争论
serving n. 服务，招待
as to 关于，由于
go on 发生，继续下去
单词忘得比较多，还是要好好得弄
[ 本帖最后由 lastingsh 于 2009-2-10 14:33 编辑 ]作者: lastingsh 时间: 2009-2-10 16:35 标题: Business 3 an introducing
Listen to a guict (guest) speaker being introduce a local business group
Thank you all for coming out this evening to meet sociologist MS Limber (Ellen Lambert). MS Limber (Lambert) specializes in research on the workplace and recently has been written about future of the world.
This topic should be for (of) special interesting (interest), since I know many of you are all ready to (at) full from (forefront) of the workplace technology. For example, let’s have a show of hands to see how many people here telecommute at least part of the time. I see eight hands raised. Well you eight face to (folks who) work at home and commute with your office by (via) a computer represent one of the trends MS Limber (Lambert) has described. The people have (are) becoming less tight (tied) at (to) the work place. One of the most important telecommute tools is electrical mail and (or) email. Email that you send and receive messages almost immedieatly (immediately) on your computer. But you control when you read them and when you respond to them. This technology allows people to have more control over time then (than) when relying soly (solely) on the telephone. Our guest tonight will discuss how the important changes will alter the way we work.
But before turning the floor of (over) to MS (Ms.) Limber (Lambert), I would just like remind you that should (she will) be available to answer any individual questions at the respetions (reception) in the (immediately) ___ following this talk.
guest n. 客人 v. 招待，款待
sociologist n. 社会学家
forefront n. 最前部，最前线
folk n. 人们，亲属，民族
a. 民间的
tie v. 系住，结合
n. 带子，领带
immediately av. 立即，马上
reception n. 招待会，招待
Listen to part of the talk giving in an anthropology class
Today’s lecture will sent (center) on pre-historical (prehistoric) people of move on to (Nevada) desert. Now most of there pre-historic desert people moved across the countryside throughout the years. You might think they were wandering aimlessly.
Far from it, they actually follow the serious (a series of) carefully planned moves. Where they moved depended on where food was available. Places were plans ____ fish responding. (Places where plants were ripening or fish were spawning.)
Now often when these people moved, they took (carried) all their possessions on their backs. But of (if) the journey was long, extra food and tools were sometimes stored in caves or __beny hiracs (beneath rocks). One of these caves just now is an exciting archeological sight (site). Beyond its small opening is a huge underground grotto. Even though the cave’s very large, it was certainly too dark and desty (dusty) for travelers to live in. But it was a great place to hide things, and tromendeous (tremendous) of (/) amount of food supply and artifacts has been found there. The food includes dried fish, seeds and nuts. The artifacts include stone spear points and knives. The spear points are actually rather small. Here’s a picture of something we found. You can see their sides (size) in relation to the hands holding them.
historic a. 历史上著名的，有历史性的
historical a.历史的，有关历史的
这两个词有重叠的意思，但是historic 多指历史上著名的
Nevada 内华达州
throughout prep. 遍及，贯穿
adv. 到处，始终
wandering a.漫游的，迂回的
n. 漫游，离题
ripen v. 使成熟
spawn v. 产卵
n. 卵
beneath adv./ prep 在……之下
archeology n. 考古学
tremendous a. 极大的，巨大的
artifact n. 人造物品
spear n. 矛，枪
grotto n. 洞穴，岩穴
Listen to a talk on radio about research project
Located at the NASA research center in ___Iowa is 5000 gallon vate (vat) of water. And inside of the tank is underwater traidmile (treadmill) designed by D N, an aerospace engineer. For four years, N observed scroup (scuba) diverse (divers) as they simulated the working (walking) on moon and on Mars on her underwater moving built (belt). She wants to discover how the gravety (gravity) of moon and of Mars would affect human movement.
To do this, N attached the weight of (to) diverse (divers) and then lowered them into the tank and onto the traidmile (treadmill). This ways (These weights) were carefully adjusted, so the diverse (divers) could experience on the water the graverty (gravity) of moon and Mars as they work (walked) on the traidmile (treadmill). N concluded that working (walking) on Mars will probably be easier than working (walking) on moon. The moon has less graverty (gravity) than Mars does. So as lunar graverty (gravity), the diverse (divers) struggled to keep their balance and work ____( walked awkwardly). But as Mars gravity, the diver has greater traction and instability (stability), and could easily adjust to a pace to 1.5 miles per hour. As N gradually increase the speed of traindmile (treadmill), the diverse (divers) took longer, graceful ___ (strides) until they comfortably settled into even a quicker pace. N also ___ noted that at Mars graverty (gravity), the diver needs less occenjen (oxygen).
The data N collected will help the future design of Mars spacesuit. Compare to lunar spacesuit, Mars spacesuit will require smaller air tanks, and to allow for free movement, the ___elbow and ____knee areas of the spacesuit will also be altered.
Listen to a beginning of astronomer
Most people think of astronomers as the(/) people who spend their time in cold of absorbtory (observatories) peerioning (peering) through telescope every night. In fact, a typical astronomer spends most of his/her time analyzing data and may only be at telescope a few weeks of year. Some astronomers work on purely their radical (theoretical) problems and never use telescopes at all.
You might not know how weraly (rarely) imagines of you (are viewed) directly through telescopes. The most common way to observe the sky is to photograph them, the process is very simple. First, the photographs (photegraphic) played (plate) is coated with a ___ light sensitive materials. The plate is ___ positioned so that the image received by the telescope is recorded on it. Then image can be developed, enlarged and published. So many people can study it.
Because most astronomical objects are very remote, the lights we received from them are very fable (feeble). But by using a telescope as a camera, long time exposures can be made. In this way, objects can be photographed that are a hundreds times to thin (faint) to be seen by just looking by a telescope.
Listen to a talk giving by an astronaut
Thank you, it’s great to see so many of you are (/) interested in series on survival on outer space. Please excuse the cameras, we’ll be video tape (videotaped 用动词) for the local TV stations. Tonight I’m going to talk about the most basic aspect of survival—the spacesuit. When most of you imagine an astronaut, that’s probably the first thing that comes to mind, right? Well, without spacesuit, it could (would) not be possible for us to survive on outer space. For example, outer space is valcum (a vacuum), there’s no gravity or air ___(pressure). Without protection, a body will explode. What’s more, we’ll cook in the sun and freeze in the shade with temperatures is (/) ranging from tosty (toasty) 300 degrees above to a cool 300 degrees below zero ____Fahrenheit.
The spacesuit, the NASA has developed, is truly a marvel. The photo enlargement here is a life size image of actual spacesuit, wore (worn) by A (astronauts), so ____ on the last space shuttle mansion (mission). This part is the ____torso, it’s made by seven extremely ___ durable
layers. This ____thick insulation protects against temperature extremes and radiations. Next is what they called a ____bladder of oxygen, that ___ that’s an inflatable sac, filled with oxygen, to simulate atmosphere pressure.
This blinder (bladder) ___ presses against the body with the same force as the earth atmosphere sallow (at sea level). The inter (innermost) layer provides liquid cooling invatolations (and ventilation). The spite of the layers (Despite of all layers,) the ___suit is flexible, allowing free movement, so we can work. The other (Another) really serphisticated (sophisticated) part of the spacesuit is the helmet. I brought one to want (along) to show you. Can I have a vonlenteer (volunteer) come and demonstrate?
这个里面的生词很多，要加紧背单词。
bring along 带来，领来
astronaut 宇航员
survival n. 生存，幸存
survive v. 幸存，生还
survivor n.生存者
survivable adj.可存活的，可免于死亡的
videotape v./n. 录像带，把……录像
vacuum n./a./v.真空的，真空，用真空吸尘器打扫
freeze v. 使结冰
toasty a. 暖烘烘的
toast n./v.烤面包片，祝酒
Fahrenheit 华氏温度
mission n. 任务
torso n. 躯干 残缺不全的东西
durable a. 持久的，耐用的
insulation n. 绝缘
extreme 极限，极限的
radiation 辐射
bladder 气泡，球胆
innermost 最里面的，内心的
inflatable 通货膨胀的，膨胀的
inflation 通货膨胀
ventilation 通风，流通空气
sophisticated 世故的，狡诈的
helmet 头盔
demonstrate v.示范，举例
Listen to part of the lecture in a geology class
I’m glad you brought up the question of our investigations into the makeup _____of the earth’s interior. In fact, since it is the topic of your reading assignment for next time, let me spend this last few minutes talking about it.
There were several important discoveries in the early part of the century that help the geologists develop a more acquired (accurate) picture of the ostier___ earth’s interior. The first key discovery has to do with ____ since of (seismic) waves. Remember there are the rebvation (vibrations) called (caused) by earthquakes. Well, the scientists found that they travel thousands of miles from the ostier_____ earth’s interior. This finding inable (enabled) geologists to study the inner part of the earth. You see this study reviewed (revealed) these rabvations (vibrations) were two types--compression or pey (P) waves and share (shear) or ass (S) waves. The (and) researchers found the pey (P) waves travel through both liquids and solids. While ass waves travel only through solid matter.
In 1906, a British geologist discovered the p waves slow down at the certain path (depth), but kept traveling deeper. On the other hand, s waves either disappeared or were reflected back. So he concluded that the depth might the boundary between the solid metal (mantle) and liquid core. Three years later, another boundary was discovered that between the metal (mantle) and the earth crust. There are still a lot to be learnt about the earth. For instance, the geologists know that the core is hot, evidence of this is the ___ molten lava that flows out of vocannos (volcanoes). But what is (we’re still) not sure was what the source of the heat is.
investigation n. 调查，研究
makeup n.化妆品，组织，结构，性格
assignment n. 分派，任务
accurate a.正确的，精确的
interior a.内部的
seismic a.地震的
vibration n. 振动，摇动
enable vt. 使能够，授予权力
reveal v. 显示
shear v. 剪切
depth n.深度
disappear v. 消失
mantle n.覆盖物，地幔
metal n. 金属
molten v./a.熔化，熔铸的
lava n. 熔岩
volcano 火山
earth crust 地壳
Listen to a talk in a Geography class
The winds of a tornado are the most violent and destructive ones on earth. Any of you who have seen one knows very well how frightening and powerful they are. What’s interesting about them is that scientists don’t actually know exactly why tornados occur. We do know however what happens when tornados are formed. As you remember, a fright (front) occurs when cool, dry air from the north meets warm, humid air coming from the South. (from golf (gulf) of Mexico for tornados in the United States.) For (Where) these air messes (masses) meet, a narrow zona (zone) of storm clouds develops and founder storms (thunderstorms), and sometimes tornado occurs.
How is this violent weather produced? well, a mess (mass) of warm humid air warce (rises) very rapidly. As rices (it rises), more warm air reshersh (rushes) into places (replace it). This inrashing (inrushing) air is (/) also rises. And in some cases, especially, when there is extreme thermal instability, begins to rotate. When this happens, the rotating air forms tornado.
Even if you’ve see tornados only in movies, you know that they can demolish building in seconds. This is possible because when the tornado passes over a house. It ___sucks up air from around a house. So the air pressure outside the house drops rapidly. Inside pressure remains the same. So are pressure inside is greater than air pressure outside. The result is that the building explodes out world (outward). Next we’ll talk a little bit about how new technological development are being used to try to predict tornados.
geology n.地质学，地质概况
geography n.地理学，地理
geographer n.地理学家
geographic a.地理学的，地理的
violent a.猛烈的，暴力的
destructive a. 破坏的
frightening a. 令人恐惧的
fright n. 惊骇，吃惊
frighten v. 恐吓，使惊吓
front n.（气象学）气流锋面
humid a.潮湿的，湿润的
gulf n. 海湾，深渊
mass n.大块，质量，群众
a.群众的，大量的
v.使集合，聚集
mess n. 混乱，脏乱
v. 弄乱
zone n. 地域，地带
v. 环绕，是分成地带
thunderstorm 雷暴
rush n.冲进，急流
v.冲，奔
inrushing 大量涌入的
suck v. 吸，吸收
suck up 吸收
outward a. 外面的
adv. 向外地
technology 技术
technological a.科技的
Listen to part of the lecture in an ecology class
Since we’ve been discussing all alternative fuels lately, I want to pass on to use (you) some information I read about a new fuel that has (that’s) been in the news a lot lately. It’s called A-21.
It’s composed of water and chemical mine (known) as AS (naphtha). It since (seems to be) very promoting (promising) fuel because it’s much cleaner than the gas list (gasoline) that we use today. It isn’t say (it’s not to say) it doesn’t pollute, but it is cleaner. A-21 isn’t like other alternative fuels that require complete new types of vention (engines). A-21 still works in regular, everyday come bus (combustion) engines. Like the ones in cars, with only mine (minor) mechanical __ modifications. So changing over wouldn’t be a big deal.
You may doubt that some of the claims as many researchers have. Some people feared that because it contains 45% of water. It was (would) freeze to (in the) winter. But a small amount of ____antifreeze was attitude (added to it), and that seems solve the problem.
A-21 as recently undergone street-taxies (tests), buses and we know in Iwada (in Reno, Nevada). So far it seems to work just fine. This is a good thing just in Iwada (Nevada). Because the state government there has passed a lot (law) requiring that a large percentage of vichiels (vehicles) in Iwada (Nevade), ___ turn to fuels (run on alternative fuels). A-21 should help.
alternative n./a.选择性的，可供选择的办法
fuel n.燃料
naphtha n.石脑油
promising a.有希望的，有前途的
gasoline n.汽油
combustion n.燃烧
modification n. 改变
antifreeze n.防冻剂
undergo v.经历
percentage n.百分数，百分比
percent n. 百分数
vehicle n.交通工具
minor n./a.较小的，未成年人
[ 本帖最后由 lastingsh 于 2009-2-17 15:00 编辑 ]作者: lastingsh 时间: 2009-2-18 15:29 标题: Geology 9 alternative energy ice hydrate
Listen to part of a radio program about science
Scientists are always on the looking (lookout) for alternative sources of energy. Today we are going to discuss one that is so plentiful. This can (They say it could) supply more energy than all coal and oil in the world. It’s found in something called gas higreat (hydrate), and believe it or not, that’s kind of ice.
That’s right. But the water in this ice was weight (way) down below the earth surface when it was freeze (frozen). So it was under a lot of pressure. And trapped inside the crystal of ice are individual molecular of m thing (methane), --That would be seen (that’s what’s in 有点难分辨) natural gas.
All this makes gas hydrate pretty strange stuff. If you touch a match to a piece of ice, it will birth (burst) into flame and when the geologists burn (bring) a chank (chunk) of it up to the surface to study the normal air pressure and temperature, gas hydrate begins to his (hiss) and bubble, and in the last one and (in less than) half an hour, the ice melts and methane inside escape into the air. Now as you might guess, this can make gas hydrate kind of harder for miners to handle. And there’s a problem of where it’s located, in freezing arcitical (frozen arctic) regions or in ocean waters of the Aterlantic (Atlantic) chost (coast), and up to a mile down.
Environmentalists warn that mining it could even be disaster (disastrous). ____(Offshore drilling) could allow sea water to save (seep) down into the huge ice (icy) deposits and release tons of methane up into the atmosphere. And methane, are (our) listeners may recall is green house gas. It could really worse on the problems of global warming. So gas hydrate may offer some interesting possibilities. But with all these drawbacks, I am not holding my breath waiting for it to feel (fuel) my furnace.
革命工作要抓紧
楼主加油