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标题: 我晕,狂错听写本 [打印本页]

作者: kokoroni    时间: 2008-10-22 18:49     标题: 我晕,狂错听写本

It   seems   like   only   yesterday   that   I   was   sitting   where   you   are,   just   finishing   my   first   year   of
medical school and wondering if I'd ever get a chance to use all my new knowledge on a real live
patient!

Well, I have good news for you! You don't have to wait until your third or fourth year of

Medical school to get some hands-on experience! The dean has invited me here to tell you about
the   university's    rural  opportunity     program.    If  you   enroll   in  this  program,    you   can   have   the
opportunity this summer, after your first year of medical school, to spend from four to six weeks
observing and assisting a real physician like me in a small rural community. You won't have to
compete with other students for time and attention, and you can see what life as a country doctor
is really like.

The program was designed to encourage medical students like yourselves to consider careers in
rural communities that are still understaffed. It seems that medical students are afraid to go into
rural family practice for two reasons. First, they don't know much about it. And second, specialists
in the cities usually make more money. But, on the up-side, in rural practice, doctors can really get
to know their patients and be respected members of the community.

I participated in the program when it first started and spent six weeks in a small rural town. Let me
tell you, it was really great! I got to work with real patients. I watched the birth of a child, assisted
an accident victim, and had lots of really practical hands-on experience --- all in one summer. And
to my surprise, I found that country life has a lot to offer that city life doesn't --- no pollution or
traffic jams, for instance!

My experience made me want to work where I'm needed and appreciated. I don't miss the city at
all!

dean n.[C] (大学的)教务长;学院院长
rural a 乡村的
opportunity n 好运,机会
observing a 观察力敏锐的 observe v  观察
assist v 帮助
community n 社区
physician n 医师
compete v 竞争
on the up-side 相反的
respected a 受人尊敬的
Participated in(过去)参与
victim n 牺牲者
jam vi vt n 拥挤,塞进,挤进,窘境
understaffed a 人手不足的
enroll vi vt 把(被)...记入名册 ,入会
作者: Horse    时间: 2008-10-22 19:06

这不算多……加油吧……才刚刚开始呢……找到的全是自己的……
作者: kokoroni    时间: 2008-10-22 20:17

for time and attention
country life has a lot to offer that city life doesn't
这2个句子什么意思哦~看半天没明白,听的也一头雾水
作者: kokoroni    时间: 2008-10-22 20:38     标题: 第2篇来了!

In the few minutes that remain of today's class, I'd like to discuss next week's schedule with you.

Because I'm presenting a paper at a conference in Detroit on Thursday, I won't be here for either

Wednesday's or Friday's class. I will, however, be here for Monday's. Next Friday, a week from

today, is the midterm exam,   marking the halfway point in the semester. Professor Andrews has

agreed to administer the exam. In place of the usual Wednesday class, I've arranged an optional

review   session.   Since   it   is   optional,   attendance   will   not   be   taken;   however,   attending   the   class

would   be   a   good   idea   for   those   worried   about   the   midterm.   So,   remember:   optional   class   next

Wednesday; midterm, Friday.

schedule n 时间表,课程表 VT安排,预约,将。。列入计划
semester n半学期,一学年
arrange v 整理,安排,改编
optional a随意的,可选的 n选修课
session n 会议,学期

[ 本帖最后由 kokoroni 于 2008-10-22 20:47 编辑 ]
作者: 废柴君    时间: 2008-10-22 20:43

for time and attention
联系上文 你们无需在时间和注意力上与他人竞争

country life has a lot to offer that city life doesn't
乡村生活有许多城市生活没有的好处

随便说~说的不对见笑了~XD
作者: kokoroni    时间: 2008-10-22 20:49

marking the half way point in the semester迷茫ING
作者: 废柴君    时间: 2008-10-22 20:58

marking the half way point in the semester

标志这个学期的中点,标志这个学期已经过去了一半
作者: kokoroni    时间: 2008-10-23 08:43

attendance   will   not   be   taken
嘛玩意儿?
作者: kokoroni    时间: 2008-10-23 09:25     标题: 3篇到来

Good   afternoon.   I'm   here   today   to   talk   to   you  about   a   career   with   our   airline.   We're(where..)   especially interested in recruiting people to fill openings for flight attendants.



First of all, to work as a flight attendant with us, you must be accepted into our training program
and   with   so  many    people    applying,    it's  not easy   to  be  selected.  From     the   thousands    of

applications that we receive (we're see..)annually, we choose fewer than a thousand people for training. So, we

require experience serving the public; and it also helps if you've earned some college credits.



Also, not everybody who gets accepted into the training program makes it through.



The course meets six days a week (60 weeks..)for five weeks. The training includes extensive classroom work

in   such   subjects   as   first   aid   and   passenger   psychology   as   well   as   practical   training   in   flight

procedures and meal service. A lot of our graduates say that our fight attendants develop the skills

of a nurse, a headwaiter, and a public relations executive!



But, as a flight attendant myself, I can say that all of the hard work is worth it. Of course, I get to

travel throughout the country, and the airline pays all of my expenses while I'm away from my

base station. And, what I like best of all is that I've made friends with people from all over the

country!

recruitvt.征募(新兵);吸收(新成员)
opening n 空缺
executive ad n执行的,执行官,高级官员
expense n 开支,费用
procedure n程序,手续,步骤
extensivea. 广大的;广阔的;广泛的;大规模的

psychologyn. 1. 心理学    2 心理,心理特点
apply vi 申请
application n 申请者

[ 本帖最后由 kokoroni 于 2008-10-23 09:52 编辑 ]
作者: 废柴君    时间: 2008-10-23 10:02

attendance   will   not   be   taken

不要求出勤率~
作者: kokoroni    时间: 2008-10-23 11:12     标题: 第4篇。。SUPER符合我这帖的题目啊。。。倒

I   need   to   make   sure   you   understand   how   to   get   housing   for   next   year.   When   you   entered   as

first-year students this year, the school assigned you to a dorm and a roommate, but next year as

returning   students   you'll   choose   both   your   roommate   and   your   dorm.   But   whether   or   not   you

actually get to live in your first choice depends on what number you or your roommate draws in

the   lottery   system.    The   system    gives   priority   to  the students    who    have   been   here   longest.

Fourth-year      students    get  the  first  block   of   numbers,     third-years   get   the  second    block,   and

second-years --- like you'll be --- get the third. The lower the number you draw, the sooner you

choose. Number one gets the first choice, number two gets the second choice, and so on. (听成someone了,狂倒)



You can use either your own or your intended roommate's number to make your room choice. If

your roommate for next year has been at the school longer than you have, they'll be in a better

block of numbers and so will have a better number than any second-year student. But most of you

will probably be rooming with other second-year students and so neither of you may have a great

number. You may not get into your first or even second choice. Of course, if you've made plans to

live off campus, you don't need to enter the lottery at all.



Dorm space will be especially tight this year because the dorms on North Campus will(would..听的。。) be closed

for renovations. This means that those of you who draw the worst numbers won't be able to get

dorm housing at all. In that case, the housing office will help you find off-campus housing.

lottery n. 1. 奖券,彩票;摸彩,抽签[C]
                2. 运气,难算计的事[S]
dorm n 宿舍
in that case 若是那样的话
renovation n 更新,修理
assign vt 分配,派定
block
intend a预期的
draw v 抽取

总结:单词,饿的硬伤,任重而路漫漫兮

[ 本帖最后由 kokoroni 于 2008-10-23 12:06 编辑 ]
作者: kokoroni    时间: 2008-10-23 12:08

BLOCK OF NUMBERS??百度上也查不到哦,什么意思哦?
作者: 麦当当    时间: 2008-10-23 12:34     标题: 回复 12# 的帖子

联系上下文。
说得是四年级生拿到最好的号码。
三年级生拿到第二好的号码。
以此类推.
作者: kokoroni    时间: 2008-10-24 13:38     标题: 历史学---舞蹈篇

Good   evening.   My   name   is   Pam   Jones,   and   on   behalf   of   the   Modern   Dance   club,   I'd   like   to

welcome you to tonight's program. The club is pleased to present the TV version of The Catherine

Wheel, Twyla Tharp's rock ballet. This video version of the ballet has been even more successful

with audiences than the original theater production ---- it includes some animation, slow motion,

and stop-action freezes that really help the audience understand the dance.



The title of the piece refers to Saint Catherine, who died on a wheel in 307 A.D. Nowadays, a

Catherine wheel is also a kind of firework ---- it looks something like a pinwheel. Anyway, the

dance is certainly full of fireworks! You'll see how Twyla Tharp explores one family's attempt to

confront the violence in modern life. The central symbol of the work is a pineapple... but exactly

what it represents has always created a lot of controversy. As you watch, see if you can figure it



out.



The music for this piece is full of the rhythmic energy of rock music. It was composed by David

Byrne... of the rock band Talking Heads? And the lead dancer in this version was Sara Rudner,

who is perfectly suited to Tharp's adventurous choreography.



Following the video, dance teacher Mary Parker will lead a discussion about the symbolism Ms.

Tharp  used. We   hope  you  can   stay  for that.  So,  enjoy  tonight's  video...  and  thank  you  for  your

support.

on behalf of 代表
wheel n 车轮,轮子
animation  n. 1. 生气,活泼,热烈 2. 激励;兴奋 3. 活,生(指状态)  4. 动画片;动画片绘制[C][U]
motion n 姿势,眼色,移动
freeze n 冻结,凝固
video version
pinwheel 轮转焰火,纸风车
explore v 探测,探险
confront v 面对,遭遇
controversy n 争论,争议
rhythmic 有节奏的
compose v 作(曲),构(图)
suite vt 合适
adverturous adj 大胆的,爱冒险的
choreography n 编舞,舞艺
symbolism n 象征性,象征主义

[ 本帖最后由 kokoroni 于 2008-10-24 14:13 编辑 ]
作者: kokoroni    时间: 2008-10-24 14:15

总算有点进步了!绿色的是不认识的单词!红色的很少吧!要多多认单词了!很多单词就是看着会,听着就不会了!我泪奔!

话说谁能帮我大概翻译下这个文章啊,云里雾里的不知道什么意思
作者: kokoroni    时间: 2008-10-24 16:02

a

Catherine wheel is also a kind of firework ---- it looks something like a pinwheel. Anyway, the

dance is certainly full of fireworks! You'll see how Twyla Tharp explores one family's attempt to

confront the violence in modern life. The central symbol of the work is a pineapple...

什么意思啊?彻底迷茫了
作者: kokoroni    时间: 2008-10-24 16:52     标题: 历史学——MONTICELLO

Before starting our tour of Monticello, I'd like to give you some historical facts that might help

you appreciate what you see today even more.



Monticello   was   the   very   much   loved   home   of   Thomas   Jefferson   for   over   fifty   years.   Jefferson,

who was, of course, President, was also a great reader and language enthusiast. He read widely on

different subjects, including architecture. He wasn't formally trained in architecture, but as a result

of his study and observation of other buildings, he was able to help design and build the house. He

chose the site himself, naming the estate "Monticello," which means "little mountain" in Italian. In

fact, many of the ideas behind the design also came from the Italian architect Andrea Palladio,

who lived in the sixteenth century and who had a great influence on the architecture of England.



Jefferson, however, ignored   one   of  Palladio's   principles   ---   that is, not   to build   in   a   high place.

Monticello's elevation made the transportation of what was needed at the house --- for example,

food --- especially difficult. But the view from the estate would not be as spectacular if Jefferson

had   followed   Palladio's   advice;   there   really   is   no   boundary   between   the   house   and   the   nature

around    it,  and  so  Jefferson   was   able   to  look  out   on  his  beloved   state   of  Virginia   from   his

wonderful vantage point.



Now we'll go on to Jefferson's library.

enthusiast n热心者
as a result 作为。。的结果
ignore vt 不顾,忽视
principle n 原则,原理
spectacular 壮丽的,壮观的
estate n 地产
elevation n 高度,海拔
boundary n 边界,分界线
beloved adj 心爱的
virginia  n福尼及亚州
vantage n 优势,优越的位置

[ 本帖最后由 kokoroni 于 2008-10-26 20:48 编辑 ]
作者: kokoroni    时间: 2008-10-25 13:12     标题: 历史学——建筑(THATCHING

Welcome to the Four Winds Historical Farm, where traditions of the past are preserved for visitors

like you. Today, our master thatches will begin giving this barn behind me a sturdy thatched roof

able   to   withstand heavy   winds   and   last   up   to   a   hundred   years.   How   do   they   do   it?   Well,   in   a

nutshell,   thatching   involves   covering   the   beams   or   rafters   ---   the   wooden   skeleton   of   a   roof   ---

with reeds or straw. Our thatches here have harvested their own natural materials for the job --- the

bundles of water reeds you see lying over there beside the barn.



Thatching is certainly uncommon in the Untied States today. I guess that's why so many of you

have come to see this demonstration. But it wasn't always that way. In the seventeenth century, the

colonists here thatched their roofs with reeds and straw, just as they had done in England. After a

while,   though,   they   began   to   replace   the   thatch   with   wooden   shingles   because   wood   was   so

plentiful. And eventually, other roofing materials like stone, slate, and clay tiles came into use.



It's a real shame that most people today don't realize how strong and long lasting a thatched roof is.

In Ireland, where thatching is still practiced, the roofs can survive winds of up to one hundred ten

miles per hour. That's because straw and reeds are  so flexible. They bend but don't break in the

wind   like   other   materials   can.   Another   advantage   is   that   the   roofs   keep   the   house   cool   in   the

summer and warm in the winter. And then, of course, there's the roofs' longevity --- the average is

sixty years, but they can last up to a hundred. With all these reasons to start thatching roofs again,

wouldn't it be wonderful to see this disappearing craft return to popularity?

barn n 粮仓,牛棚
withstand VT 耐(磨,穿)
nutshell N 坚果壳,小容器,无聊的东西
    IN A NUTSHELL 简而言之
thatching N 盖屋顶(的技术)
involve VT 包缠,卷缠
beam N 梁, 桁条
rafter N 椽 筏夫, 撑木排的人
skeleton N 骨架,残骸,骷髅
reed N 芦苇, 芦杆
straw N 稻草
harvest N 收割,收获
bundle N 包裹,包袱
demonstration N 表示,表明
colonist N 殖民者; 移住民; 殖民地居民
plentiful A 丰富的,大量的
eventually ADV 最后
shingle N 海滨鹅[圆]卵石; 砂石; 砂砾
slate VT 抨击, 谴责
clay tile 粘土瓦管
shame N 羞愧; 耻辱; 廉耻心
bend VT 使弯曲
longevity n 长寿
                 长期供职, 资历
POPULARITY N 大众性,流行

[ 本帖最后由 kokoroni 于 2008-10-25 13:52 编辑 ]
作者: kokoroni    时间: 2008-10-25 21:25     标题: 历史学——COFFEE

A lot of people in the United States are coffee drinkers. Over the last few years, a trend has been developing to introduce premium, specially blended coffees --- knows as "gourmet coffees" --- into the American market. Boston seems to have been the birthplace of this trend. In fact, major gourmet coffee merchants from other cities like Seattle and San Francisco came to Boston, where today they're engaged in a kind of "coffee war" with Boston's merchants. They are all competing for a significant share of the gourmet coffee market. Surprisingly, the competition among these leading gourmet coffee businesses will not hurt any of them. Experts predict that the gourmet coffee market in the United States is growing and will continue to grow, to the point that gourmet coffee will soon capture half of what is now a 1.5-million-dollar market and will be an 8-million-dollar market by 1999. Studies have shown that coffee drinkers who convert to gourmet coffee seldom go back to the regular brands found in supermarkets. As a result, these brands will be the real losers in the gourmet coffee competition.

trend
1 趋势, 倾向 2 流行

premium n 奖金,保险费
blended (酒等)数种混合的
gourmet n 美食家
be engaged in  从事于
significant adj 重大的,重要的
to the point 中肯
capture v 夺取,俘虏
Seattle n西雅图

[ 本帖最后由 kokoroni 于 2008-10-26 20:42 编辑 ]
作者: redbanana    时间: 2008-10-25 23:53

很好,LZ跟我进度一样一样的。我决定继续跟LZ保持同步,我们相互监督共同进步吧~~~呵呵呵
作者: kokoroni    时间: 2008-10-26 21:50     标题: 历史学----艺术史

You may remember that a few weeks ago we discussed the question of what photography is. Is it

art, or is it a method of reproducing images? Do photographs belong in museums or just in our

homes? Today I want to talk about a person who tried to make his professional life an answer to

such questions. Alfred Stieglitz went from the United States to Germany to study engineering. While he was there,

he became interested in photography and began to experiment with his camera. He took pictures

under conditions that most photographers considered too difficult--- he took them at night, in the

rain, and of people and objects reflected in windows. When he returned to the United States he

continued   these   revolutionary   efforts.   Stieglitz   was   the   first   person   to   photograph   skyscrapers,

clouds, and views from an airplane.



What Stieglitz was trying to do in these photographs was what he tried to do throughout his life:

make photography an art. He felt that photography could be just as good a form of self-expression

as painting or drawing. For Stieglitz, his camera was his brush. While many photographers of the

late 1800's and early 1900's thought of their work as a reproduction of identical images, Stieglitz

saw his as a creative art form. He understood the power of the camera to capture the moment. In

fact, he never retouched his prints or made copies of them. If he were in this classroom today, I'm

sure he'd say, "Well, painters don't normally make extra copies of their paintings, do they?"

method n 方法
photography n 摄影术
engineering n 工程(学)
experiment n 实验  vi 做实验
reflected in 在..中反射/反映出来
revolutionary adj 革命的,创新的
effert n 努力,成就
identical adj 同一的
form n 种类,表格,形式
retouch vt 润色,修描(照片)
extra adj额外的,附加的 n 另外收费的事物 adv 特别,非常

[ 本帖最后由 kokoroni 于 2008-10-27 15:03 编辑 ]
作者: kokoroni    时间: 2008-10-27 15:42     标题: 历史学---人物

So, uh... as Jim said, James Polk was the eleventh President, and... uh... well, my report's about the

next President --- Zachary Taylor.



Taylor   was   elected   in  1849.   It's   surprising   because...  well,   he   was  the   first   President   that   didn't

have   any   previous   political   experience.   The   main   reason   he   was   chosen   as   a   candidates   was

because he was a war hero.



In the army, his men called him "Old Rough and Ready"... I guess because of his... "rough edges."

He was kind of blunt and he didn't really look like a military hero. He liked to do things like wear

civilian clothes instead of a uniform --- even in battle. And he was so short and plump he had to be

lifted up onto his horse. But he did win a lot of battles and he became more and more popular. So,

the Whig party decided to nominate him for the presidency, even though no one knew anything

about where he stood on the issues.



I couldn't find much about his accomplishments --- probably because he was only in office about a

year    and   a  half  before    he  died.   But   one   thing   ---  he   pushed    for  the  development       of  the

transcontinental railroad because he though it was important to form a link with the West Coast ---

there was a lot of wealth in California and Oregon from commerce and minerals and stuff. Also,

he   established    an   agricultural   bureau    in  the  Department      of  the   Interior  and   promoted     more

government aid to agriculture.



Well, that's about all I found. Like I said, he died in office --- in 1850 --- so his Vice President took

over... and that's the next report, so... thank you.

electe vt 选举
previous adj 以前的,过早的
candidate n 候选人
political adj 政治上的,政党的
rough and ready 简陋的,马马虎虎的,勉强过得去的
rough edges n 毛边(装订书时)
blunt adj 率直的,钝的 VT 把..弄钝,减弱
military adj n 军事上的 N 军人,军队,武装力量
civilian n 平民,百姓
battle n 战斗,战役 vt&vi 与...斗争
plump adj圆润的,丰满的
whig n 辉格党
nominate vt提名...为候选人,任命
presidency n总统的职位/任期
issue n 问题
accomplishment n 完成(任务等);技能(社交上)
transcontinental adj 横穿大陆的
railroad n 铁路(系统)
link vt 连接,联系 n 环,纽带,联系
wealth n 1.财产 2.大量,丰富
Oregon n 俄勒冈州
commerce n商业,贸易
mineral n 矿物,矿石,矿物质
stuff vt以..填进,塞满 n材料,东西
establish vt建立,成立
agricultural adj农业的
bureau n局
interior n内部,内地 adj
promote vt提拔,提升
vice n不道德行为,堕落
take over  接管,替代

[ 本帖最后由 kokoroni 于 2008-10-27 19:39 编辑 ]
作者: kokoroni    时间: 2008-10-27 19:40

我的妈呀,一共31个词..我倒了,我这破词汇量啊,怎么办啊!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
作者: kokoroni    时间: 2008-10-27 22:41     标题: 历史事件---热气球

I want to welcome each and every balloon enthusiast to Philadelphia. Thank you for coming here

this morning to commemorate the first balloon voyage in the United States. On January 9, 1793, at

ten o'clock in the morning, a silk balloon lifted into the skies above this city, which was, at the

time, the capital of the country. According   to   the   original   records   of   the   flight,   the   voyage   lasted   forty-six   minutes,   
from   its departure   in   Philadelphia   to   its   landing   across   the   Delaware   River   in   New   Jersey.   Though   our

pilots today will try to approximate the original landing site, they're at the mercy of the winds, so

who   knows   where   they'll   drift   off   to.   Even   the   balloonist   in   1793   experienced   some   uncertain

weather that day. There were clouds, fog, and mist in various directions.



Our reenactment promises to be noting less than spectacular. The yellow balloon directly behind

me   is   five   stories   high.   It's   inflated   with   helium,   unlike   the   original,   which   was   filled   with

hydrogen      and,   unbeknownst       to  the  pilot,  potentially    explosive.    Gas-filled   models     are  pretty

uncommon now because of the extremely high cost, so the eighty other balloons in today's launch

are hot air, heated by propane burners. These balloons are from all over the country.

[ 本帖最后由 kokoroni 于 2008-10-27 22:58 编辑 ]
作者: kokoroni    时间: 2008-10-27 23:06

晕菜,太学术了,完全迷茫ING,明天下午要听2小时!晚上1小时!监督俺!
作者: kokoroni    时间: 2008-10-28 20:04     标题: 历史学----邮政

Today we'll examine the role that private transportation ---namely, the automobile --- plays in city planning. A number of sociologists blame the automobile for the decline of the downtown areas of major cities. In the 1950's and 1960's the automobile made it possible to work in the city and yet live in the suburbs many miles away. Shopping patterns changed: instead of patronizing downtown stores, people in the suburbs went to large shopping malls outside the city and closer to home. Merchants in the city failed; and their sores closed. Downtown shopping areas became deserted. In recent years there's been a rebirth of the downtown areas, as many suburbanites have moved back to the city. They've done this, of course, to avoid highways clogged with commuters from the suburbs.  5I've chosen this particular city planning problem --- our dependence on private transportation --- to discuss in groups. I'm hoping you all will come up with some innovative solutions. Oh, and don't approach the problem from a purely sociological perspective; try to take into account environmental and economic issues as well.
作者: kokoroni    时间: 2008-11-2 14:42     标题: 历史学---人物

Before we begin our tour, I'd like to give you some background information on the painter Grant

Wood --- we'll be seeing much of his work today.



Wood   was   born   in   1881   in   Iowa   farm   country,   and   became   interested   in   art   very   early   in   life.

Although   he   studied   art   in   both   Minneapolis   and   at   the   Art   Institute   of   Chicago,   the   strongest

influences on his art were European. He spent time in both Germany and France and his study

there helped shape his own stylized form of realism.



When he returned to Iowa, Wood applied the stylistic realism he had learned in Europe to the rural

life he saw around him and that he remembered from his childhood around the turn of the century.

His portraits of farm families imitate the static formalism of photographs of early settlers posed in

front of their homes. His paintings of farmers at work, and of their tools and animals, demonstrate

a serious respect for the life of the Midwestern United States. By the 1930's, Wood was a leading

figure of the school of art called "American regionalism."



In   an   effort   to   sustain   a   strong   Midwestern   artistic   movement,   Wood   established  an   institute   of

Midwestern art in his home state. Although the institute failed, the paintings you are about to see

preserve Wood's vision of pioneer farmers.

Iowa n 爱荷华州
Minneaplis n 明尼阿波利斯 (美国城市)
institute n协会,研究院,学会 vt着手,开始,制定
form of 用...构成
the turn of the century 世纪末到下个世纪初
portrait n 肖像
imitate vt 模仿,把..作为例子
formalism n 形式主义(ADJ)
settler n 移民,侨民
demonstrate vi举行游行 vt说明,证明
regionalism n地方主义
sustain v 支撑,维持
established adj 已制定的,确定的
preserve vt保护,维持
vision n 视力,幻想,梦想
pioneer n 拓荒者,先驱者(VT)

[ 本帖最后由 kokoroni 于 2008-11-2 15:06 编辑 ]
作者: kokoroni    时间: 2008-11-2 16:36     标题: 历史学---建筑

In   today's   class   we'll   be   examining   some   nineteenth-century   pattern   books   that   were   used   for

building houses. I think it's fair to say that these pattern books were the most important influence

on the design of North American houses during the nineteenth century.



This was because most people who wanted to build a house couldn't afford to hire an architect.

Instead, they bought a pattern book, picked out a plan, and took it to the builder. The difference in

cost   was   substantial.   In   1870,   for   example,   hiring   an   architect   would've   cost   about   a   hundred

dollars. At the same time, a pattern book written by an architect cost only five dollars.



At that price, it's easy to see why pattern books were so popular. Some are back in print again

today,   and   of   course   they   cost   a   lot   more   than   they   did   a   hundred   years   ago.   But   they're   an

invaluable resource for historians, and also for people who restore old houses. I have a modern

reprint here that I'll be passing around the room in a moment so that everyone can have a look.

pattern adj典范,榜样
afford vt 负担得起
substantial adj坚固的,大量的,基本的
resource n资源
restore v归还
reprint v重印 (N)

[ 本帖最后由 kokoroni 于 2008-11-2 16:43 编辑 ]
作者: kokoroni    时间: 2008-11-2 17:08     标题: 历史学---WOMAN

Last week we talked about Anne Bradstreet and the role of women in the Puritan colonies. Today I

want to talk about some other women who've contributed to American history --- some famous

and some not-so-famous. The first woman I'd like to talk about is Molly Pitcher. Those of you

who are familiar with the name may know her as a hero of the American Revolution. But, in fact,

there never was a woman named Molly Pitcher. Her real name was actually Mary Ludwig Hays.




She got the nickname Molly Pitcher for her acts of bravery during the Revolutionary War.



As   the   story   goes,   when   Mary's   ---   or   Molly's   ---   husband,   John   Hays,   enlisted   in   the   artillery,

Mary followed... like many other wives did. She helped out doing washing and cooking for the

soldiers. She was known to be a pretty unusual woman --- she smoked a pipe and chewed tobacco.



Anyway... in the summer of 1778, at the Battle of Monmouth, it was a blistering hot day --- maybe

over a hundred degrees --- and fifty soldiers died of thirst during the battle. Molly wasn't content

to stay back at camp. Instead, she ran through gunshots and cannon fire carrying water in pitchers

from   a   small   stream   out   to   the   thirsty   American   soldiers.   The   relief   that   she   brought   with   her

pitchers   of   water   gave   her   the   legendary   nickname   Molly   Pitcher.   The   story   also   says   that   she

continued to load and fire her husband's cannon after he was wounded. They say she was so well

liked by the other soldiers that they call her "Sergeant Molly." In fact, legend has it that George

Washington himself gave her the special military title.

contribute to 捐献
revolutionary n 革命者
nickname n绰号
enlist vt 入伍
artillery n 大炮/炮兵队伍
pipe v管子
chew v 咬,
blistering adj酷热的
battle n战役
pitcher n 大水罐
cannon n大炮
content adj 满意的
thirst n 口渴
relief vt 缓解
wounded adj 负伤的
sergeant n警官

[ 本帖最后由 kokoroni 于 2008-11-2 17:25 编辑 ]
作者: kokoroni    时间: 2008-11-2 17:48     标题: 历史学---黄石

Welcome to Yellowstone National Park. Before we begin our nature walk today, I'd like to give

you   a   short   history   of   our   National   Park   Service.   The   National   Park   Service   began   in   the   late

1800's. A small group of explorers had just completed a month-long exploration of the region that

is now Yellowstone. They gathered around a campfire, and after hours of discussion, they decided

that they should not claim this land for themselves. They felt it should be accessible to everyone.



So they began a campaign to preserve this land for everyone's enjoyment. Two years later, in the

late nineteenth century, an act of Congress signed by President Ulysses S. Grant proclaimed the

Yellowstone region a public park. It was the first national park in the world. After Yellowstone

became a public park, many other areas of great scenic importance were set aside and in 1916 the

National Park Service was established to manage these parks.



As a park ranger, I am an employee of the National Park Service. In a national park, park rangers

are   on   duty   at   all   times   to   answer   questions   and   help   visitors   in   any   difficulty.   Nature   walks,

guided tours, and campfire talks are offered by specially training staff members. The park service

also protects the animals and plants within the parks.

region n 地区,地带,范围
claim vt 索取,要求,声称
accessible adj 容易达到(取得)的
campaign n vi 发起运动(N)
Congress n 国会,议会
sign vt 签名
proclaim vt正式宣布,显示
set aside 置之不理,取消
ranger n 护林者,突击队员

[ 本帖最后由 kokoroni 于 2008-11-2 17:59 编辑 ]
作者: ballack005    时间: 2008-11-2 18:45

加油,坚持就一定有收获.我听写了三个月,写了100多篇,很有收获的.
坚持,坚持
作者: kokoroni    时间: 2008-11-5 16:34     标题: 历史学---钟表

I'm sure almost every one of you looked at your watch or at a clock before you came to class today.

Watches and clocks seem as much a part of our life as breathing or eating. And yet, did you know

that watches and clocks were scarce in the United States until the 1850's?



In   the   late   1700's,   people   didn't   know   the   exact   time   unless   they   were   near   a   clock.   Those

delightful   clocks   in   the   squares  of   European   towns   were   built   for   the   public   ---   after   all,   most

citizens simply couldn't afford a personal timepiece. Well into the 1800's --- in European and the

United States --- the main purpose of a watch, which, by the way, was often on a gold chain, was

to show others how wealthy you were.



The word "wristwatch" didn't even enter the English language until nearly 1900. By then the rapid

pace   of   industrialization   in   the   Unites   States   meant   that   measuring   time   had   become   essential.
How could the factory worker get to work on time unless he or she knew exactly what time it was?

Since efficiency was now measured by how fast a job was done, everyone was interested in time.

And since industrialization made possible the manufacture of large quantities of goods, watches

became   fairly   inexpensive.   Furthermore,   electric   lights   kept   factories   going   around   the   clock.

Being on time had entered the language --- and life --- of every citizen.
scarce a 罕见的,缺乏的
delightful a讨人喜欢的
timepiece n 时钟,座钟
wristwatch n 手表
industrialization n 工业化
measure vt 量
essential a 必不可少的
efficiency n 效率
manufacture n制造品,产品(VT捏造)
furthermore adv 而且,此外

[ 本帖最后由 kokoroni 于 2008-11-5 16:48 编辑 ]
作者: kokoroni    时间: 2008-11-5 17:05     标题: 历史学---人物(摄影家)

That's   an   interesting   question,   Tom.   Women   did   participate   in   the   early   days   of   motion-picture

making.   One   of   the   most   outstanding   is   Lois   Weber.   She   is   credited   as   the   first   consistently

successful woman film director.



In the early 1900's, when she first arrived in Hollywood, Ms. Weber made a series of experimental

sound films. Now this was almost 20 years before modern "talking pictures" were developed. The

dialogue   for   her   movies   was   recorded   on   phonograph   records   and   then   synchronized   with   the

action on the movie screen --- very innovative for that time.



In addition, Weber felt that movies should be educational as well as entertaining. She made several

highly controversial movies that dealt with the moral and social issues of her day. And some of her

most controversial work addressed issues of particular interest to women. Unfortunately, Weber

died in 1939 just as Hollywood was beginning to make films aimed primarily at female audiences.

Which brings me to my next point?
participate vt 参加
motion-picture n 无声电影
outstanding adj杰出的
synchronized adj 同步的
innovative adj 新引进(发明)的
in addition 另外
moral adj 道德上的
addressed ad演说,演讲
aim v 瞄准,目标
primarily adv主要的

[ 本帖最后由 kokoroni 于 2008-11-7 19:39 编辑 ]
作者: kokoroni    时间: 2008-11-7 19:40     标题: 历史学--舞蹈

So, why did what is now called "modern dance" begin in the United States? To begin to answer

this question, I'll need to backtrack a little bit and talk about classical ballet.



By the late 1800's, ballet had lost a lot of its popularity. Most of the ballet dancers who performed

in the United States were brought over from Europe. They performed using the rigid techniques

that had been passed down through the centuries. Audiences and dancers in the United States were

eager for their own, "contemporary" dance form. And, so, around 1900, dancers created one.



So, how was this "modern" dance so different from classical ballet? Well, most notably, it wasn't

carefully   choreographed.   Instead,   the   dance   depended   on   the   improvisation   and   free,   personal

expression of the dancers. Music and scenery were of little importance to the "modern" dance ---

and lightness of movement wasn't important either. In fact, modern dancers made no attempt at all

to conceal the effort involved in a dance step.



But even if improvisation appealed to audiences, many dance critics were less than enthusiastic

about     the   performances.      They    questioned     the   artistic  integrity   of   dancers    who    were    not

professionally   trained   and   the   artistic   value   of   works   that   had   no   formal   structure.   Loie   Fuller,

after performing Fire Dance, was described as doing little more than turning "round and round like

an    eggbeater."    Yet,  the  free,  personal    expression     of  the  pioneer    dancers    is  the  basis  of  the

"controlled freedom" of modern dance today.
backtrack vi 走原路,改变主意,变卦
rigid adj 僵硬的,死板的
pass down 一代代流传
eager adj 热烈的,渴望的
contemporary adj/n当代的/同龄人
notably adv 明显的
improvisation n 即席创作
scenery n 舞台布景,风景,景色
lightness n灵活,轻盈
conceal v 隐藏,隐瞒,遮住
involve in 牵扯到.使参与
critic n 批评家,评论家
integrity n 正直/完整
eggbeater n打蛋器/直升飞机
pioneer n 先驱

[ 本帖最后由 kokoroni 于 2008-11-7 19:55 编辑 ]
作者: kokoroni    时间: 2008-11-7 19:56     标题: 历史学---COMICS

Now let's focus on comics in the 1950's. Early in the decade sales were down, so publishers started

looking   for   some   new   angle   to   get   their   readers  interested   again.   They   found   what   they   were

looking   for   with horror   comics   ---  stories   about ghosts and   demons   that   were often graphically

violent.



Before long, most of the major publishers were printing horror comics --- but it all came to an end

a few years later. You see, there was a psychologist named Frederic [FRED-rick] Wertham who

claimed that comic books --- the horror books in particular --- were a bad influence on children

and  turned  them  into juvenile  delinquents.   Wertham  even  wrote a book called  Seduction  of  the

Innocent    that   showed    specific    scenes   from    comics    that  he   thought   were    a  particularly    bad

influence on kids.



Wertham   wasn't       the  only   one   down    on   comics.   The    United   States   Senate    Subcommittee       on

Juvenile Delinquency also released a report very critical of comics. The result of all this fuss was

the creation of the Comics Code Authority in 1995. This is a self-censoring body created by the

publishers. Essentially, for a comic book to be approved by the code, it had to be free of the blood

and gore that was usually depicted in most horror comics, and evil could never triumph over good.

Children had to be shown that crime did not pay.



Well,   if   comic   sales   were   bad   in   1950,   things   got   even   worse   in   1955.   Many   small   publishers

actually    went    out  of  business.    But   the  industry    rebounded     by   introducing     a  new   lineup   of

superheroes, characters like Spider-Man and the Fantastic Four. Now, I've brought with me today

some   comic   books   from   this   era   to   pass   around.   They're   from   my   own   personal   collection,   so

please be extra careful when handling them.
focus vt,vi/n (使)聚焦/焦点
decade n 十年(间)
comics adj/n滑稽的/连环画杂志
graphically adj 烩画的
psychologist adj/n 心理学(的)
juvenile delinquent 青少年犯罪
seduction n 引诱,诱奸,诱惑物
scene n (戏剧的)一场,(电影电视的)一个镜头
senate n 参议院,上院
subcommittee n 小组委员会
fuss n 小题大做
code n 法典,密码,电码,代号(VT)
authority N 权利
censor n 审查员
essentially adv 本质上
approved adj 被认可的
gore vt 用角撞伤,用牙刺破
depict vt 描述,描画
rebound vi 反弹
lineup n 阵容,一组人
era n 纪元,历史时期,时代

[ 本帖最后由 kokoroni 于 2008-11-7 20:21 编辑 ]
作者: kokoroni    时间: 2008-11-7 20:43     标题: 历史学---COIN

I was really glad when your club invited me to share my coin collection. It's been my passion since I collected my first Lincoln cent in 1971; that's the current penny with Abraham Lincoln's image. Just a little history before I start in on my own collection. Lincoln pennies are made of copper, and they were the first United States coin to bear the likeness of a President. It was back in 1909 [nineteen-oh-nine] when the country was celebrating the centennial of Lincoln's birth in 1809 [eighteen-oh-nine] that the decision was made to redesign the one-cent piece in his honor. Before that, the penny had an American Indian head on it. The new penny was designed by artist Victor David Brenner. This is interesting because he put his initials V.D.B. on the reverse of the coin in its original design. There was a general uproar when the initials were discovered, and only a limited number of the coins were struck with the initials on them. Today a penny with the initials from the San Francisco Mint... called the 1909-SVDB... is worth over $500. Now... when I started my coin collection, I began with the penny for several reasons... there were a lot of them (several hundred billion have been minted)... and there were a lot of people collecting them... so I had plenty of people to trade with and talk to about my collection. Also... it was a coin I could afford to collect as a young teenager. In the twenty-five years since then, I have managed to acquire over 300 coins, some of them very rare. I'll be sharing with you today some of my rarer specimens... including the 1909-SVDB.
作者: 豆豆沙    时间: 2008-11-8 09:28

楼主加油     共勉   




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