如何追求英文写作的较高级阶段nominalization（名词化）

ChenChenSeven

再次强调下以前讲过的概念：老外眼中句子分为3个档次，最差的是主动句，较好的是被动句，倒装句等等，最好的nominalization（名词化）的句子，这样的句子最学术最适合写论文。所以如果我们想要把自己英文水平再次提升的话，不妨尝试下吧。


那么什么是名词化呢？就是把相同的意思变成用名词来表达同时句法上做变化的过程。
这里是Wikipedia上的定义：
This is process by which a grammatical expression is turned into a nominal group, also known more loosely as a noun phrase.

下面举些例子：

动词转名词	形容词转名词
discover -> discovery	careless -> carelessness
move -> movement	difficult -> difficulty
react -> reaction	different -> difference
fail -> failure	applicable -> applicability
refuse -> refusal	intense -> intensity

下面开始说需要nominalization的情况：


1. 名词化的部分是谓语动词的宾语


原句：I do not understand either what she meant or what he intends.

名词化：I do not understand either her meaning or his intentions.


2. 把名词化和被动结合起来


原句：If people decide without enough persuasive information，

名词化：If a decision is made without enough persuasive information，


3. 取代诸如从句中“the fact that”的用法


原句：The fact that I denied what he accused me of impressed the jury.

名词化：My denial of his accusations impressed the jury.

更好的名词化：a. When I denied his accusations, I impressed the jury.

                         b. In denying his accusations, I impressed the jury.


4. 提及到经常重复的概念时


名词化：Few issues have so divided Americans as abortion on demand.


5.名词化部分用在there is/are的后面


原句：We demand that the government stop taxing entertainment.

名词化：There is a demand for an end to taxation on entertainment.

原句：The floods considerably eroded the land.

名词化：There was considerable erosion of the land from the floods.


6.当某些时候一些专业名词太过抽象的时候，例如一些医学名词，我们可以反过来用动词来使它们简单易懂。（这一点可以忽略）


下面说一下老外觉得不是很有必要名词化的情况，当我确认为对于我们中国人来说是很好的句型转换：


1. 名词化部分跟在动词后面


原句：The police investigated the matter.

名词化：The police conducted an investigation into the matter.


2. 名词化部分作为主语


原句：We discussed a tax cut.

名词化：Our discussion is concerned with a tax cut.


3. 连续进行名词化


原句：First, she reviewed how the dorsal fin evolved.

名词化：First, she reviewed the evolution of the dorsal fin.

进一步名词化：There was a first a review of the evolution of the dorsal fin.


4. 连接部分名词化


原句：They ceased hostilities because they lost personnel.

名词化：Their cessation of hostilities was because of their personnel losses.

原句：Even though the motor housing was unstable, the research staff completed the field trials.

名词化：The instability of the motor housing did not preclude the completion of the field trials.


好了，就是这么多了。为了让我们攻克新托福写作难关，让我们共勉吧！

[ 本帖最后由 ChenChenSeven 于 2009-3-27 01:29 编辑 ]

liuyigwm

It helps a lot. Thanks!

felisha

学习了，谢谢七叔

onpp

谢谢！你太强势了！

zrtibt

非常收受益~ 7叔真好!

sundevils01

威武 威武啊！

eagledoudou

感谢七叔

chuhly

  谢谢！

郭馨

楼主辛苦了！

ppfly

楼主辛苦了，谢谢！