才一天我的帖子就被顶到第二页了，可见同学们活跃程度越来越高。嗯嗯

Business类 第四篇 讲义P207

Today, I’d like to turn our attention to an area of management often overlooked in traditional management courses: small-business management. Small businesses have gone from being traditional small-town store selling food or clothing to sufficticated (sophisticated高度发展的), high-tech enterprises. And in addition to the important products they produce, they create jobs for lots of people because there are so many of them.

It’s important for management to keep in mind which of the customer’s needs the business serves, because they (it) can’t serve all their needs. Writing a business plan that everyone in the organization understands and follows will help to provide a (the) necessary focus and direction. It’s important to state clearly what the purpose of the business is. Additionally, each person within the organization must know what tasks to perform in order to fulfill that purpose.

Now, if for some reason a business plan doesn’t work, try hard to discover why not, rewrite it, and immediately focus on the new plan. A word
of caution, however, never give up a bad plan without replacing it. A business has to have a plan because it cannot afford to waste its limited resources. And, as you know, waste leads to unnecessarily high production costs. Production costs are as (at) the hard (heart) of company’s ability to make a high quality product and sell it at an affordable price.

生词及在本文的意思：
Sophisticated 复杂的，精密的，高度发展的；老于世故的；有经验的
这次词不该忘啊……以前讲过的，是老于世故的，不是老余出事故。

语言学类 第一篇 讲义P208

I am sure you realize that your research papers are doing (due in) six weeks. I’ve looked your suppose topics and made comments about them. The most frequent problem was proposing too board a topic. Remember, this is only a fifteen-page paper.

As I return your topic papers, I’d like to look over the schedule which sketches out what we’ll do during the next two weeks. Today is Monday. By Friday, I want your priliminary (preliminary 初步的) outline. Please be sure to in cooperate (incorporate 合并) the suggestions I’ve made on your topics in your outlines. Next week, I’ll have a conference with each of you. I’ve posted a schedule on my office door. Sign your name to indicate the time you’re available for an appointment. In the conference, we’ll discuss your preliminary outline. Then you can make the necessary revisions 校订 and hand in your final outline, which is due two weeks from today.

Use the outline style in your textbook, and remember it should be no more than two pages long. Be sure to begin with a TH (thesis 论题) statement, that is, with the precise statement of the point you intent (intend) to improve, and include a conclusion.

Have you got all that? Your two-page preliminary outlines are due at the end of this week, and final outlines are due after your conferences. Follow the textbook’s style and include a FI (thesis) statement and a conclusion.

preliminary 初步的；预备的；开端的
incorporate 合并；加上；组成
thesis 论题；论文

语言学 第二篇 讲义P208

We’ve probably all wondered how a new word gets in to a (the) dictionary. Take the word “doofus”, for example, spell D-O-O-F-U-S, meaning a stupid or an incomperten (incompetent 无能的) person. This words, which has been around since the late 1960s in a slang accent (sense), made it into the Merriam Webster Collegiet (Collegiate 大学的) Dictionary only in 1993.

Why did it take so long? Well, first of all, dictionary editors like to wait at least 3 years to be sure a word is going to last, especially a slang word. They don’t want to put in a new word and print it surely (prematurely 贸然地) and then have to take it out in the next addition.

But even for the words that out of (aren’t) slang, getting into a dictionary isn’t easy. New words have to pass a lot of editorial 编辑的tests including how difficult or easy they are to look out (up). There’s also a limit to how fic (thick) a dictionary can be or how small its type can get before people fell they don’t want to use it. Some words have to come out before others can go in. The Collegiate Dictionary adds about ten thousand words to every addition, but it takes out only a few hundred, so choices have to be made very carefully.

生词及在本文的意思：
incompetent 无能的；不胜任的
Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary 韦氏大学词典，大家都熟悉这个名字了吧？
prematurely 贸然地；过早的

语言学类 第三篇 讲义P208

You’ve recalled (You’ll recall) that in the last week’s class I talked about how the sounds made by most animals, though sometimes complex, are different from human language. Only in humans do they (these) sounds represent objects and invents (events). Keep in mind that most animals can only repeat their limited AD (utterances 发声) over and over again, while humans can say things that have never been said before. Today, I want to focus on human language and how it developed.

I doubt you’ll be surprised when I say that the evolution of language was slow and LB (laborious 费力的). There’s some reliable evidence that language began with early humans a million and a half years ago. Through the study of the size and shape of brain fossils, scientists have determined that early human brains, like modern brains, have a left hemisphere 大脑半球 slightly larger than the right hemisphere. We know that on (in) modern humans, the left hemisphere is the seat of language. We also know that early human brains had a well-developed TR (frontal 额骨的) section, known as Broca’s area, which K (coordinates 协调) the mussles (mussels) of mouth and throat.

It’s clear, then, that early humans had speech APS (apparatus 器官). They can produce any sound that we can. What we don’t know is whether early humans used what they had. Since G (scholars know) virtually nothing about prehistoric speech patterns, all they can do is speculate about how language actually AR (originated 起源). Let me give you a brief summary of S (some) of these series (theories).

生词及在本文的意思：
utterance 发声；说话方式；言论
laborious 费力的；勤勉的；牵强的
hemisphere 半球；大脑半球
frontal 额骨的；前面的，正面的
Broca’s area: a brain center associated with the motor control of speech and usually located in the left side of the frontal lobe
coordinate 协调；使成为同一类别，使同等重要
apparatus 器官；仪器，设备
originate 起源

分类场景（上）
Campus topic 第一篇（宿舍噪音）讲义P84

W: So, H (how do) you like living in a RV (renovated 重新修的) dorm?
M: There is (They have) much difference in the old dorms just some new pain (pane 窗格) of (and) windows. The windows are nice though (so) they shut up (off) the noise very well. The street just outside but I can barely hear the traffic.
W: Hmm, they must be good windows. On that (I bet) they must have double panes of glass. That (They) shut off a lot of noise that a (the) single pane wouldn’t stop.
M: Yeah. I wish I had something just the fact (factor) between me and my neighbor’s room. Sometimes he turns up the music so loud that I have trouble getting to sleep. Anyway, I guess I’d (that’s) better off to (for) the people who’ll be moving into the new dorms. Did you see how S are (thin wall) there that they’re putting up between those rooms?
W: I haven’t seen them, but I did read something of (about) them in the campus newspaper. There (They’re) suppose to be better than XXX (the thick concrete wall) you got here.
M: Better? How?
W: Well, what they are doing is separating each room with two thin layers of plastic board (plasterboard 石膏板), and each one XX (has nailed) to a different frame. That XX grate (way they vibrate) independently.
M: Oh, I see. So the sound from one room doesn’t just B (vibrate) the wall and go directly into next room. There is a gap between the two layers of wall.
W: That’s right.
M: Well, I am still stuck with this neighbor and I’m not sure what to do.
W: You know, having a bare war (wall) doesn’t help. You should hang something up like XXX (fur rags 碎布) or XXX (some decorated cross). That would act like a kind of the second wall and absorb some of the sound. I’ve got next XX (some extra) you can use, your bike (if you like).
M: I’d appreciated anything to (could) get a good night sleep.

生词及在本文的意思：
renovate 更新；重做；改善
pane 窗格
plasterboard 石膏板
rag 碎布；残片


啊啊啊啊啊，疯了，听这篇的时候，又想拔刀了！！ 里面的直接写成XX的说明干脆一点都不知道说的是啥，胡猜也猜不出的！！
啊啊啊！见血吧！！

分类场景（上）
166# Campus topic 第一篇（宿舍噪音）讲义P84
168# Campus topic 第二篇（书店买书）讲义P85
169# Campus topic 第三篇（选课）讲义P86
170# Campus topic 第四篇（学生抗议食堂）讲义P87
172# Campus topic 第五篇（学习问题）讲义P90
179# Campus topic 第六篇（打工场景）讲义P92
180# Campus topics 第七篇（学习问题）讲义P93
181# Campus topic 第八篇（注册学校）讲义P94
182# Campus topics 第九篇（学习问题）讲义P96
184# Campus topic 第十篇（选课）讲义P97
185# Campus topic 第十一篇（学习问题）讲义P98
187# Campus topic 第十二篇（买书）讲义P99
189# Campus topic 第十三篇（停车）讲义P100
191# Campus topic 第十四篇（打工场景）讲义P101
193# Campus topic 第十五篇（打工场景）讲义P102
196# Campus topic 第十六篇（暑假出行）讲义P103
197# Campus topic 第十七篇（学习问题）讲义P104
198# 历史 第一篇（建筑）讲义P106
199# 历史 第二篇（人物）讲义P108
200# 历史 第三篇（音乐）讲义P109
201# 历史 第四篇（音乐jazz）讲义P110
202# 历史 第五篇（音乐）讲义P111
203# 历史 第六篇（美国发展史）讲义P112
206# 历史 第七篇（艺术史）讲义P114
207# 历史 第八篇（美国革命）讲义P115
208# 历史 第九篇（发明是）讲义P117
209# 历史 第十篇（艺术史）讲义P118

[ 本帖最后由 拎着刀子做听写 于 2009-4-14 19:52 编辑 ]

Campus topic 第二篇（书店买书）讲义P85


史上最简单的一篇...

Can I help you find something? Oh, hi, Rick.
Oh, hi, Julie, when did
you start working here? I thought you were waiting table tress of a (to serve) coffee.
Yeah, I quit because I had to work too many nights. I came to (started) here just a few days ago. It’s perfect. I work all afternoon ship (sheet). So, my mornings there (are) free for classes, and I can study at night. So, what are you looking for?
Well, I can’t seem to find the eighth book of English 626. I’ve only found these seven. I am probably looking right at it.
Hmm, English 626, English 626. Are you sure there are eight?
Yeah, there are eight titles on my S (shortlist). And, look, the card on the shelf has existed (eight listed). But I can only find seven of the books.
You’re right. Oh, here they are. They are on the wrong shelf over here by economics books. I have to put these with the English books so that they are not so hard to find.
Thanks a lot. Could you point me the direction of computer paper?
Sure, it’s two or three Ls (aisles 通道) over. Why don’t you follow me? It’s easier just to show you.

生词及在本文的意思：
aisle 通道；走廊

Campus topic 第三篇（选课）讲义P86

Janet! Nice to see you again. Ready to plan your schedule for next semester?
Yeah. I’ve already looked at the list of classes and I helped to take business law and IN (intro 介绍 the) financial this coming semester.
That sounds good. And it is always the best to plan the courses in you major first and then for (fit out) the other requirement on the elective then.
I’d like to take one other business course, but I am not sure which one.
How about an economics course?
I took one this class last semester and got a lot of it.
Oh, that’s right. I remember you were telling me about it. Well, let’s see what else you need.
I need another English course, and I was thinking about taking a poetry class.
Let me see. The P (prerequisite 必要条件) for all the poetry classes is the English composition.
I took that my first semester.
Well, modern American poetry fits in your schedule.
With Doctor Turner?
Um-huh...
That would be great. I heard all about her from my roommate, the English N (mater 妈妈).
M Shaping (This should) up to be a pretty good semester for you. What else do you need to take?
I have to take one more math course, but I haven’t been putting it at all. I heard that calculate (calculus) is very tough.
It is. But if you may want to take it, and just take these four courses this semester.
That’s not a bad idea. I just hope that (it) doesn’t affect my great (grade) point average.

生词及在本文的意思：
intro 介绍（俚语）
fit out 配备
prerequisite 必要条件；首要事物
mater 妈妈
calculus 微积分学

Campus topic 第四篇（学生抗议食堂）讲义P87

Excuse me, do you mind if I ask you a few questions?
No, I guess not.
Great! This is for a student K (council 会议) report. We want to find out what the students think of the campus food service. The result was T (would tell us what) kind of changes to push for.
I think everyone has pretty strong opinions about that.
Yeah, that’s one thing that I found out already. Ok, first, how often do you eat in a (the) cafeteria?
Almost every day. I’ve got a meal contract.
And do you usually eat here in (at) Anderson hall?
Yeah, I live next door.
And you mentioned that you have a meal contract. Is that right?
Um-huh... For breakfast and dinner, Monday to Saturday.
What’s your general impression of the food here?
Well, people complain a lot. But basically I think it’s Ok. The vegetables are usually overcooked. What I mean, they have to feed hundreds of people here. You are not going to get something freshly prepared just for you.
What if I just put down “generally satisfactory, would like more fresh vegetables”, Ok?
Sure.
So you think the other things like S (soup and) dessert are Ok?
Yeah, that’s about right.
Is there anything you like to change about the cafeteria?
Yeah, the hours. Sometimes it is a real rush for me to get back here before 6:30.

生词及在本文的意思：
council 会议；商讨