1月（1.6，1.13，1.14，1.19，1.27）

1.6

T1.

Choose one of the following and explain why you like it most: fictions, magazines and poems. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

Sample answer:      (音频下载请点击附件magazines.mp3)

I prefer magazines to fictions or poems, especially monthly magazines ‘cause they are like colorful flowers in a garden.They are good in some way and fill current trends and demands in different ways.

My definition of a good magazine is one that doesn’t just stick to the same writers and trends. The presentation, theme, and subjects should vary to grab the interest of readers. And a magazine should be a place where new writers can blossom. I would like to see more magazine stories and features on the new generation of writers and I hope to read more about new trends and new ideas.

I read five or six magazines per month and I buy two magazines regularly---fashion and beauty
magazines, ‘cause they are worth reading for their entertainment news and fashion and beauty tips. Sometimes the personality profiles (人物肖像)or successful business icons (图标) are also fun to read.

                                                                      共8句

                                                                      我的时间记录为：45’’

                                                                      你的时间记录为:______

T2.
Some students prefer to live alone. Others prefer to live with their roommates. Which do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.


Sample answer:   (音频下载请点击附件live with roommates.mp3)

Some people may like to live by themselves ‘cause they may have much privacy and freedom. But I think living with a roommate would be better for three reasons.
First, sharing the rent would decrease the financial burden. Especially when living in a big city, living with a roommate is a better choice.
Second, one may feel lonely when living all by oneself. Talking to someone or sometimes cooking together wouldoffer change, enrich one’s character and help build better interpersonal relationship.
Third, if you are sick, the roommate would help you get the medicine or a doctor. However, if you live alone, you would be in great trouble.
Therefore, I would rather have a roommate living with me.

                                                                     共8句

                                                                     我的时间记录为：40’’

                                                                     你的时间记录为:______

T3.

Reading: 【学校通知】：学校准备将宿舍建到附近社区.一来可以节约校园用地，二来增加学生与当地社区的交流

Listening: 【学生议论】：女生不同意。原因有二：

1）更多的学生开车上学，对校内停车空间会有更多的要求。

2）学生应该更多的时间在校内活动而不是校外。

Sample answer:
In the reading material, the university is considering a plan to build up new houses off campus for the better being of students. They are trying to make more parking and space. Also students can spend more time off campus in different communities.
In the listening material, we clearly learn that woman doesn't like the idea. One reason she gives is that more students will drive to school and there will be more requests for parking。

Another reason is that students should spend more time on campus, take advantage of the activities on campus instead of doing them off campus.
Therefore, she disagrees with that opinion.

T4

Reading:【课文要点】：Attribution Theory（归因理论）：对别人的行为我们解释为性格和品质，对自己的行为我们归咎为当时的情况。

Listening:【教授举例】：他曾去超市买东西，排队，一个男的插队，他就想为什么那人非站他前面，他觉得那个人很自私,粗鲁. 但是后来他又去商店买东西，但是这次他要赶着参加一个重要会议，时间很紧，队伍又特别慢，所以他也插队了，但认为自己有赶时间的理由。

Sample answer:
In this set of materials, the reading passage explains Attribution Theory. It states that people usually account for other people different than account for themselves.

In the listening passage, the professor gives 2 examples to illustrate this. One time when he was shopping and waiting in line, a man cut him off. So he thought the man was rude and selfish. And another time, he had to go to an important meeting and he was in a hurry and he was trying to buy things, he cut off a woman who was going to stand in the line. He thought there was nothing wrong with himself. Same situation, he accounted himself different with other people.
By these means, he proves that people usually account for themselves different from other people even in the same situation.

T5.

【学生困难】：女生必须参加美文课程才能毕业。但是下学期学校还不开设。

【解决方案】：教授给她两个建议：

1、去城市学院。那里下学期开设美文课。但女生嫌太远。

2、选择其他课程，如研究生的课程。女生又嫌太难。

Sample answer:
This is a discussion between a student and a professor. The student has to take American literature to graduate, but it isn't offered next semester in the university. The professor gives her 2 solutions. One of the solutions the professor comes up with is suggesting she go to City College, where there will be American literature course next sememster. The other solution is to choose other courses which can make her graduate. I tend to agree with the second solution because she could still graduate by taking other courses. It’s true that the graduate course is a little difficult, but if she worked hard, she would be able to handle it ‘cause it takes time to learn something new. Also she wouldn’t have to take much trouble go to and from City College to study American literature.

T6.
【讲课要点】：艺术对儿童的发展的影响。

1、儿童可能会用艺术形式来表达复杂的思想。例如：一个小女孩可以通过drawing来表达她的心情,表现自己的自豪感；

2、艺术还会帮助儿童增强毅力。例如：小男孩用泥土做汽车，屡败屡做，最后成功，在此过程中锻炼了毅力。

Sample answer:

The lecture tells us that art can impact children's development in two ways: one is to help develop complex emotion; the other is to help develop the quality of persistence.Then the professor goes on to explain that by giving two examples. One is that a girl can develop her sense of pride through drawing a picture. She is very happy ‘cause she is able to do that. Another example is about a boy who was making a a clay car, but failed many times. However, after several failures, he learned how to persist. The ability can transform to other areas through his hard work.

注：此套题与06. 2. 3，06. 10. 28 重复

1.13

T1.

Describe your favorite room in your house or somewhere else and explain why.

Sample answer:    (音频下载请点击附件favorite room.mp3)

My favorite room is the living room.

I like lots of open space and a sense of expansiveness, of freedom(宽敞和自由的感觉). Also, it’s a place where I can look around and not feel agitated (不安的) or confined(受限制的). All different but natural colors have a such lovely warm effect that I would never get tired of it. Everything is in harmony----- large digital TV on the wall, glass-made tea table, beautiful plants, couch and sofa, a good book, a good wine. It gives me a sense of satisfaction and away from hurly burly (喧嚣). It is at times a place to contemplate (沉思) and at times a place to share with friends.

In a word, it is graceful, refined, comfortable and restful .

                                                                       共8句

                                                                       我的时间记录为：41’’

                                                                       你的时间记录为:______

T2.
Some people like to go straight to the destination to see the view while traveling. Other people prefer to enjoy the scenery along the way. Which do you prefer and why?

Sample answer:    (音频下载请点击附件enjoy the scenery along the way.mp3)
Some people like to go straight to the destination to see the view while traveling ‘cause they want to spend a long period of time enjoying the place as they planned. But as far as I’m concerned, I prefer to enjoy the scenery along the way.
First, traveling is a process, not a destination. In most cases, traveling is a process of getting from point A to point B. The mind is relaxing while the landscape is passed by. Moreover, it is a process of sightseeing for us to communicate with the history and nature.
Second, taking time along the way enables us to see some places that we haven’t been to or may not have the chance to go for a visit. What good additional gain!
Finally, not rushing to the destination but enjoying the sights during the journey is less stressful and more enjoyable.

                                                                     共8句

                                                                     我的时间记录为：44"

                                                                     你的时间记录为:______

T3.

Reading: 【学校通知】：校报说学生组织的选举结果要推迟，原因是当天选举出现了2个irregularities（特殊情况）¸1是图书馆投票点从一楼搬到二楼，2是餐厅在投票那天提前一个小时关门了。

Listening: 【学生议论】：男生认为没有必要推迟。原因有二：

1）图书馆一楼因为有一拨人搞啥活动，乱糟糟的，所以搬到二楼是明智之举，并且有一个sign指示；
2）餐厅营业时间的变动，也没有影响。尽管提前1小时在8点关门，但平时7点餐厅就停止供应食物。 于是8点后很少有人去餐厅，更何况餐厅不是唯一的投票地点。因此也不会对投票人数造成影响。

Sample answer:
In the reading material, the newspaper article says the release of Student Election results  will be delayed due to the two irregularities that occurred on that day. One is the moving of the polling booth to the 2nd floor from the 1st floor of the library. The other is that the school cafeteria will close one hour ahead of time.
In the listening material, we clearly learn that the man doesn't like the idea .One reason he gives is that it’s wise to move the polling booth in the library to the 2nd floor ‘cause the 1st floor is being used.
Another reason is that it doesn’t make any difference to change the closing time of school cafeteria.
Usually the cafeteria closes at 8:00, but it stops serving food at 7:00, so fewer people will come after 8:00. Also, the cafeteria isn't the only place for voting.
Therefore, he disagrees with that opinion.

T4.

Reading:【课文要点】：生物学术语resource partition (资源分区).
意思是在同一特定的habitat或吃同种事物的动物们可以互相不争夺食物资源，基于他们自己的physical character,，可以和平相处。
Listening:【教授举例】：教授举了美国北部某地的生活在pond的两种鸭子blackhead和redhead，
都吃insects 和 grass, 但是不互相争夺，因为细究来看，它们的食物还是有slightly不同，
这是由它们physical character造成的。
1）blackhead鸭嘴长，可以伸进深水猎食，所以多在池塘中间深水处活动。
2）redhead嘴短，只能在池塘边上的浅水区觅食。

Sample answer:

In this set of materials, the reading passage explains a definition of resource partition. It states that animals in the same habitat can share the same food resources and get along well with each other based on their physical character.
In the listening passage, the professor gives an example to further explain that. He brings up the fact that two kinds of ducks--- blackhead and redhead living in one pond all eat insects and grass, but they never fight over that. He goes on to illustrate that their food is slightly different due to their different physical character. Blackhead ducks have long beak, which can make them get food in the deep water. Redhead ducks have short beak, which makes it possible for them to get food in the low water around the sides of the pond.
By these means, he proves that animals living in the same habitat share the territory and the food instead of competing against each other.

T5.
【学生困难】：男女生要去参加一个play的准备rehearsal，但director要走人，因为 bad temper，跟其他人无法共事，自己老蹿火。但有一个candidate可以, 可是又sick 了.

【解决方案】：两个方案：1)自己演自己导. 2) 极力劝说那个火爆脾气别quit，因为是最理想的director.

Sample answer:
This is a discussion between two students who are going to attend a rehearsal of a play。But the director is leaving because of his bad temper. One of the solutions the two students come up with is that they have to be their own director ‘cause a candidate who can direct is sick. The other solution is to try to persuade that
bad-tempered director to get back ‘cause he is the most ideal one. I tend to agree with the second solution because the sick substitute might not get the job well done. And also the original director may not lose his temper all the time.

T6.
【讲课要点】：教授讲经济学demand，先一句话定义了一下，然后她说产品价格上升，需求下降，两个原因，拿coffee 作例子，当有一种substitute存在时比如tea，咖啡价格升，人们买茶，咖啡需求自然就下降了；但没有tea或者人们就偏爱咖啡，价格升后，人们还会买咖啡，但买的数量少了，总体需求也下降了。

Sample answer:
In the lecture the professor tells us about demand in economics and explains that products are less demanded when the price is high and vice versa. There are two causes. One is the substitution effect; the other is consumer tastes. Then she takes coffee for example. When a substitue like tea exists, customers may buy it if the price of coffee increases. Then the demand for coffee decreases. However, when there’s no tea or people just love to drink coffee, they will still buy coffee even though the price of coffee goes up. But the purchased quantity drops, and thus the overall demand falls.





[ 本帖最后由 joycebi 于 2008-7-18 09:16 编辑 ]

3月（3.3，3.4，3.10，3.23）

3.3

T1. State one of your challenging experiences. Explain why it is challenging and how you conquered this challenge.


Sample answer:     (音频下载请点击附件challenging experience.mp3)
Something challenging that I ever did was the first time I gave a public speech when I was in middle school.
As we know, the biggest concern about public speaking is the anxiety. It was not that I hadn’t done such a thing before, but that I hadn’t got it well prepared. Also, it was a large audience of over 1,000 students and the teaching staff.
A couple of days before the speech, I couldn’t sleep well, so I asked my politics teacher --- a very nice person, for help. She gave me very useful suggestions----- think postively and take action, which still works for me right now. Then I did as I was advised to. Though I could have done worse than I had expected, I wouldn’t lose anything, but get valuable experience. Keeping this in mind, I practiced over and over again in front of a mirror. Eventually, I made it.

                                                                     共10句

                                                                     我的时间记录为：44’’

                                                                     你的时间记录为:______

注：描述经历时，过程较多，适合用短句。所以此范例答案包含10句话。

T2. Some people choose a major that may gurantee a good job. Other people choose a major out of their personal interest in that area. Which do you think is a good idea and why?(或Some students would choose to study a subject because it brings plenty of job opportunities. Instead, others would choose to study a subject which really interests themselves, although it probably doesn’t sell well in the job market. Which opinion do you agree about? Explain why. )

Sample answer:    (音频下载请点击附件choosing a major out of interst.mp3)
These two aspects of choosing a major both have their merits, but I still think choosing a major out of personal interest is a better idea.
To begin with, interest is the best teacher. Only when people show great interest in that particular area, they can do well in their academic career.
In addition, interest leads to involvement and involvement leads to enthusiasm and more response, which is very important for a student who’s pursuing a better future.
What’ s more, long-term success depends on performance out of vital interest. Interest in the subject encourages them to take an optimistic view-point and continued action to accomplish their goals. Even when facing tough problems, they are able to tackle them and move forward.
In closing, I agree with the idea of interest being the most important consideration of choosing a subject.

                                                                      共8句

                                                                      我的时间记录为：43’’

                                                                      你的时间记录为:______

T3.

Reading:【学校通知】：学校对本科生实行新的学分政策。以前，上研究生课程的本科生只能拿到本科阶段的学分。新政策实施后，学分对本科阶段和研究生阶段都有效。也就是，如果这些优秀的学生毕业后继续报考本校的研究生的话，可以不再选同样的课程。校方的目的于鼓励学生在报考研究生的时候选择本校。

Listening: 【学生议论】：男生不同意。原因有三：

1）小班变大班，教学效果会不好。

2）对本科生和在读研究生都没好处。

3）本科生报考本校的研究生对其个人视野拓展和经历丰富性方面没有好处。

Sample answer:

In the reading material, the university is considering a new course credit policy. In the listening material, we clearly learn that man doesn't like the idea. One reason he gives is that if too many undergraduates choose to take graduate courses, he won’t be able to enjoy the small seminars and get personal attention from professors.Besides, the new policy is harmful not only for the graduates, but also for the undergraduates. Another reason is that the undergraduates shouldn’t be encouraged to stay in the same school for their graduate study ‘cause they will lose very good chance for new and different experiences. Therefore, he disagrees with that opinion.

T4.

Reading: 【课文要点】讲role distancing. 每个人都有他们的role，但是很多人都想separate from their role，because not comfortable.
Listening:【教授举例】说一个13岁的小孩，在家跟同学玩呢，他妈突然让他洗碗，他不愿意，因为他觉得在他同学面前没面子，但是不洗又不行，只能用一些间接方式表示抗议，比如做做鬼脸，比如洗得很慢之类的。

Sample answer:

In this set of materials, the reading passage explains the concept of role distancing.It states that people would express their reluctance of playing current social roles directly in very rare cases. In the listening passage, the professor gives an examples to illustrate this. A 13- year- old boy was playing with his friends in the living room when his mom came in and asked him to wash dishes. He knew very clearly that he should obey his mom and do the dishes. But, on the other hand, he did not want his friends to have the idea that he was just a nice, good kid. So he showed his reluctance by making faces or walking into the kitchen slowly. By these means, he proves that people would release some emotional clues that imply their unwillingness of accepting the roles.

T5.

【学生困难】：摄影协会的会长，工作忙，课又多。

【解决方案】：女生给他两个建议：

1） 退位，专心搞学习。

2）退课，反正不是必修。

Sample answer:

This is a discussion between two students. The male student is having a hard time dealing with his presidentship of the photographer’s club and his classes. The female student gives him 2 solutions. One of the solutions is to step down from his presidentship of the club. The other solution is to to drop some classes. I tend to agree with the second solution because the class is not mandatory. If he’s interested in that professor, Lora, he could frequent his visits to her. Also he wouldn still keep his position as president of the club and doing what he loves to do.

T6.
【讲课要点】：恐龙灭绝原因。两种理论假设。
1. 事物缺乏理论：陨石=>遮云蔽日=>植物变少=>动物变少=>灭亡

2. 全球升温理论：全球变暖=>蛋变暖=>雌的龙变少=>失衡=灭亡

Sample answer:

The lecture tells us about the two hypotheses explaining the extinction of dinosaurs. Then the professor goes on to further explain that. One is the lack-of -food theory. The other is the rising temperature theory. According to the first theory, an aerolite hit our planet millions of years ago. The dust clouds aroused by the collision blackened the sky for months. First, the plants died because of lack of sunshine to survive. Soon after that, the plant-eating dinosaurs died out because they had nothing to eat. Finally, after the death of plant-eating dinosaurs, all the carnivore dinosaurs disappeared permanently from our planet. According to the second theory, most dinosaurs died out as the result of volcano eruptions. The volcano eruptions always bring large amount of carbon dioxide into the air, which keeps the heat from running away. The higher the temperature, the less likely that female baby dinosaurs would come out. And because fewer female baby dinosaurs came out, even fewer eggs could be laid. Eventually, all dinosaurs as a species died out millions of years ago as the result of ever rising temperature.

3.4

T1. Describe an important gift you’ve received and explain why it is important. Please include specific details and examples in your explanation.

Sample answer: （音频下载请点击附件gift.mp3）
An important gift I’ve ever received is a doll given by my mother on my sixth birthday.
The doll is part of my fondest memories of childhood. I was a fourth child and received hand-me-downs(传下来的东西)from my sisters for everything--clothes, shoes, schoolbags. This was the first significant thing that I received of value that was just for me.
I had endless hours of play with that doll. She is around 3 feet tall, long brown hair, beautiful eyes, black shoes, undergarment and I think the dress is a plaid one which my mother made for her. I had her for quite a few years and loved to dress her up and change her hairstyle as a child.
The doll still exists and I'm thrilled to discover that she’s in in excellent condition ‘cause it truly has great meaning to me.

                                                                      共8句

                                                                      我的时间记录为：40’’

                                                                      你的时间记录为:______

T2. Is the life in your generation easier or more difficult than that in your grandparents' time?Please include specific details and examples in your explanation.

Sample answer:（音频下载请点击附件easier life.mp3）

People’s life nowadays is undoubtedly becoming easier and more convenient due to the advanced technology.
Before, people used to cook by burning wood or coal, do their laundry with their hands and get information only from books, newspapers, some printed stuff like that. But the technological inventions make life better and more enjoyable. An electric boiler or a microwave oven makes cooking much faster and easier. A fully automatic washing machine drives the tedious laundry work away and people keep themselves very well informed by watching TV or surfing the Internet. Net-surfers in different countries can share interesting knowledge and the latest information. And also the Internet has provided a major opportunity to buy and sell merchandise and even stocks, reserve a ticket or a room, or do e-business. All this results in people meeting and sharing thoughts and exchanging knowledge, which eventually leads to betterment of mankind.

                                                                      共8句

                                                                      我的时间记录为：42’’

                                                                      你的时间记录为:______

T3.

Reading:【学校通知】：一个毕业生的来信，说自己毕业工作后很后悔当初在学校没有学电脑知识，建议学校开始初级电脑课或之类的课程。

Listening: 【学生议论】：女生不同意。原因有二：

1) 世道变了，那男的都毕业25年了，现在每个人都会用电脑，而且每节课也都要用电脑，所以没这个必要。

2）没教电脑，不是学校的错误。学校没必要教给学生所有的skills, 学生应该自己学。那个男生即使离开了学校还是应该继续学习的。

Sample answer:

The reading material is a letter from a former student, in which he says he was regretful for not having learned computer skills well in school. Based on that fact, he suggests that the university start intro-computer and some related courses. In the listening material, we clearly learn that woman doesn't like the idea. One reason she gives is that things have changed since the student graduated 25 years ago. Now almost everyone can use the computer, and is using it in every class, so his suggestion is unfavorable.

Another reason is that it is not university's fault not to teach computer in school. Not all the skills are learned in school. Students should learn by themselves after leaving school, so should that student. Therefore, she disagrees with that opinion.

T4.

Reading: 【课文要点】Sunk cost (已支付成本或隐没成本). 就是花出去的钱不能再收回。
但是有时人们还继续做着不利的事。

Listening:【教授举例】说你已经买了票要去看足球赛。结果那天下雨，又冷。当天电视上也有直播。但是你认为票很贵，既然买了，就应该去。结果被淋湿。其实如果你在家看呢，尽管钱花了，但至少还挺快乐。反正钱已经花出去了，干嘛不找一个自己舒服一点的方式呢。

Sample answer:

In this set of materials, the reading passage explains a concept of sunk cost.
It states that sunk costs are costs that have been incurred and which cannot be recovered to any significant degree.
People will continue their project even they know it won't be profitable if there is a sunk cost.

In the listening passage, the professor gives an example to illustrate this. Suppose you've already bought a ticket for a football game. But on that day, it was cold and raining. Besides, there would be a live game on TV. But as you thought you already paid for the expensive ticket, you would struggle to go outside to see the game. So you would get cold and wet. The ticket is the sunk cost. Actually, if you stayed home watching it on TV, there wouldn’t be any trouble and you would feel happy about it.

By these means, he proves that sunk costs should no longer be taken into account, since they were incurred in the past. Instead, people should do something fancier than what they have originally planned.

T5.

【学生困难】：男生想去听review,因为对考试会有帮助，可是他已经答应了朋友去帮他搬新家，所以无法如期参加。

【解决方案】：女生给他三个建议：

1） Review是在早上开始的，而且也不会持续太长时间，所以男的可以上午早点去。男的说：不行,朋友动作慢,东西多,要很长时间。

2）女生可以写下notes，给男生看。男的说,你太NICE了，但是我想还在REVIEW上提问题让教授回答。

3）男生可以问女生问题，如果女生知道就帮他回答。

Sample answer:

In the conversation, the man wants to go to the review class, which is very helpful for the coming exam, but he can’t because he has promised his friend to help him move. The woman gives her 2 solutions. One of the solutions is to go to the class early because it starts early in the morning and won’t last long. But the man has trouble finishing the moving ‘cause his friend is slow and also has a lot of things. So he guesses it would take much time. The other solution is she can take notes and lend it to him. But the man is afraid he won’t be able to ask the professor questions in class. The third one is that the man can ask her if he has any questions. Maybe she could help. I tend to agree with the second solution because the man wouldn’t feel guilty for not being able to help his friend with the moving. Also, and he could still get the content in the review class.

T6.
【讲课要点】：讲人们原来以为，fungi对tree是有伤害的，但现在教授说它是有利的, fungi 对树木的成长有间接帮助。
1) Fungi 以死木为食，因此树木中空。中空的树木在暴风雨中不会被刮倒。
2) 中空的树木吸引动物到里面居住生活，其废弃的食物反之为树木提供了养料。

Sample answer:
The lecture tells us about the benefits of fungi to trees. Then the professor gives an example to further explain that fungi inside the trees helps the tree indirectly: first, fungi consume the dead wood. If the dead wood includes the core of the tree, this process will leave a hollow tree. The trunk of a hollow tree thereby makes it more stable and much less in danger of toppling, like in the wind and storm. Second, hollow logs provide a safe and warm place for animals to hide in and raise families. Birds and other creatures live and feed inside. Birds make nests in hollow trees. Insects, like the stag beetle, feed on dead wood to survive. This, in turn, provides the trees with waste food, the tree's nutrition.
In all, fungi work like magic, turning nutrients in dead wood into a kind of energy that living trees feed on.



3.10

T1. Describe one of the most positive inventions in the last 100 years.Please include specific details and examples in your explanation.

Sample answer:（音频下载请点击附件invention.mp3）

Some people might think computer is one of the most important inventions in the last century. But I’d say television. Since the invention of television, human history has started a new page. First, TV allows people to learn about what’s going on in the world. With such information, they are able to get a better understanding of the world they live in. What’s more, TV provides a lot of interesting programs that many people enjoy after a long day’s work. Its visual effect makes people feel less stressed and more relaxed. Most important of all, Television has a great influence on the way that we think and talk.

                                                                                                                                         共8句

                                                                                                                                         我的时间记录为：41’’

                                                                                                                                         你的时间记录为:______

T2. Some people think college education is essential to a successful career. Other people think attending college doesn’t help a lot . Which opinion do you have?

Sample answer :（音频下载请点击附件college education.mp3）

College education is crucial to not only one’s personal realization, and but to development of the society as well.

From my point of view, there are many merits and advantages to college education. I guess the core advantages are still definitely academic, but increasingly socially important and prominent. Nowadays the workforce and modes of work, as well as job requirements and duties are in an ever-increasing state of constant flux(变迁)and change------ more demanding mentally, more demanding time-wise, more demanding in all aspects.

The workforce of today must be first and foremost multi-skilled. A mathematical, copious (丰富的)organisational skills, computer semi-geek(奇才), can start, handle, and finish several projects all at once and all on time.
The real learning therefore is no longer single-discipline academic, but broad and varied, flexible and adaptable. And this is why college education is becoming more and more essential.

                                                                                                                                           共8句

                                                                                                                                           我的时间记录为：44’’

                                                                                                                                           你的时间记录为:______

T3.

Reading:【学校通知】：通告贴出在学校电脑中心工作的qualification. 要求能力强，工作时间有保证。

Listening: 【学生议论】：男生不同意。原因有二：

1）要求太高。难有学生qualified。而且如何确定学生是否合格也是个问题。那就意味着开始电脑维修课。所以应该对分数有要求。

2）尽管分数达到了最低要求，也只能是处理普通问题。

Sample answer:

The reading material is a notice saying the university is offering jobs at the computer center. But only qualified students have the right to work there. Also they have to work full hours. In the listening material, we clearly learn that man doesn't think it works. One reason he gives is that the qualifications are too high. And how to decide which student is qualified enough is also a question. That means, university has to open a computer repair course. So they should have a requirement on their grade. Another reason is that even their grade has passed the minimum requirement. That only means they can handle some normal situations. Therefore, he disagrees with that opinion.

T4.

Reading: 【课文要点】经济学的定义: positive externality "积极的界外效应" 定义:可能人们并没有明确的requirement, 但是却因为其它的事情产生的一种interaction.
Listening:【教授举例】一个公司要换掉他们的old buses. 但是他们不想单纯的换一批一模一样的new buses.因为fossil fuel非常污染环境.问题是他们又没有足够的钱去弄一批用电发动的bus.于是他们写了信给政府,政府觉得这样可以帮助改善环境,于是答应了给钱给他们.所以这个城市的市民就受益了,因为他们所生活的地方环境被改善了.

Sample answer:
In this set of materials, the reading passage explains positive externality. An externality occurs when a decision causes costs or benefits to third party stakeholders,often, although not necessarily, from the use of a public good.
In the listening passage, the professor gives an example to illustrate this. A company would like to change their old buses, but they don’t want the same type ‘cause the fossil fuel creates serious environmental problems. However, they can’t afford the electricity-powered buses. So they wrote a letter to the local government explaining the situation. Considering this will improve the city environment, the government promised to provide them with funds to buy the new buses. Hence, the people in the city would benefit a lot from the action of bettering environment. By these means, he proves that an external benefit may increase the utility of third parties at no cost to them, which could be called "free lunch".

T5.

【学生困难】：喜欢某教授的心理学课程,因为教授实在是讲得很好。把枯燥的定义生动的传授给大家了。但是,他最近总是不能按时上课. 原因是他有一份well-paid的工作,要工作到很晚,而第二天的课程很早，也是由于不能按时上课，所以成绩下降。

【解决方案】：

1）女生给他一个建议：quit the job.

2）自己想出一个办法：把心理学的课程放到下午去,下午还有一个同样的课程, 虽然不是同一个教授教的，但是同样的进度。

Sample answer:

In the conversation, the man is having a hard time dealing with the problem that he is always late for his psychology class because of his part-time job. Thus, he’s got suffering grade. The woman suggests he quit the job. But the man says it’s a well-paid job that can cover all of his expenses. Then he comes up with an idea himself. He says he could go to the afternoon class, which is not taught by the same teachr, but of the same degree of advancement as the class he’s taking now.

And if it were my choice, I would choose the second solution ‘cause I won’t lose the job or miss the class. Though I might not enjoy my favorite professor’s class, I still get the knowledge in that particular period. Or maybe I could have the opportunity to meet the excellent professor during his office hours and ask him questions once in a while.

T6.
【讲课要点】：Industrialization 在19C&20C对photographer摄影技术的影响。
1）19C：抵制I, 在图片中,都看不到I的影子。P选择更加自然,更加传统的方式来照相.比如:他们情愿去拍一个农民在田地里干活。
2）20C: P鼓励I, 在图片中就会出现一缕阳光照射过工厂的窗子,然后看到工人在里面勤劳的劳动之类的。

Sample answer:
In the lecture, the professor tells us about the impact that industrialization brought to the photographers in 19th century and 20th century. In 19th century, photographer are blind to industrialization. So there wasn’t any sign of showing photography technology in the photographs. Photographers would rather take pictures in a more natural and traditional way. For example, they would like to take photos of a farmer working in the field. However, in the 20th century, the photography industrialization, welcomed by photographers, accelerated photography. Photographers liked to use the technology to make the picture more vivid. For example, they would take a nice shot of a hard-working worker through sunshine windows.

In all, technology made possible an ever increasing spread of that mentality which looks at the world as a set of potential photographs. And it was only with its industrialization that photography came into its own as art.

3.23 与08.5.17重复 请点击http://www.xiaoma.com/bbs/thread-11621-1-1.html





4月（4. 21， 4.29）

4.21

T1. Choose one of the following and explain where you would most like to live: a forest, a desert or a prairie. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

Sample answer:(音频下载请点击附件forest.mp3)
If I had a chance to choose where I live, I would rather live in a forest than in a desert or a prairie.
It has been 15 years I’m living in a city. Only now I realized the beauty of nature. I’m sick of the smokes, annoying noises, dirty environment, and stressful lifestyle surrounding me. It just doesn’t fit me. I want to get outta here as soon as possible.
Forest is simply the best. Obviously the air is fresh and is protected. I’m addicted to trees. The nature is amazing and it is one of the most beautiful places in the world. I would have the opportunity to enjoy the tranquility(宁静)of different seasons. Also I would be able to discover cosy (舒适的)cottages deep in the lush (苍翠繁茂的) forest.
That’s why I want to live in a forest--- somewhere peaceful, nice and quiet.

                                                                     共13句

                                                                     我的时间记录为：42’’

                                                                     你的时间记录为:______

注：非常情境化，所以短句较多。


T2. Some people like to read imaginative literature like fiction. Others prefer to read real literature. Which kind of literature do you prefer and why?

Sample answer:(音频下载请点击附件imaginative literature.mp3)
Some people like to read real literature because it concerns itself with humanity's true problems, the struggles of the Self to become whole in a hostile(有敌意的)world and so on. But I prefer to read imaginative literature for a couple of reasons.
The first reason that I wanna say is that imaginative literature invents not only alternative technologies but also alternative cultures, societies and ways of perceiving the world, it is the one literature we have that is truly revolutionary. It stimulates us to think beyond our social and cultural conditioning (调节). It gives us, in other words, freedom of thought.
More importantly, imaginative fiction has a long tradition as a literature in which Style is as important as Idea. Elegance of language, experimentation with style and use of words are all to be found in this realm(领域). So, uh, that’s why I choose its revolutionary character(革命性)and language for the two reasons listed above.

                                                                                                                                            共8句

                                                                                                                                             我的时间记录为：45’’

                                                                                                                                             你的时间记录为:______

T3.

Reading:【学校通知】：一封信要求学校取消community service,因为一是学生不感兴趣,只愿意去自己以后呆的社区；二是学生去了不干活，因为没兴趣。

Listening: 【学生议论】：女生不同意。原因有二：

1）很多人就是因为这个项目才报这个学校的, 他们喜欢参与社区活动, 这样也便于他们以后的生活更安全。

2）the writer  makes a hasty generalization. 因为写信人女的知道, 参加了这个然后没兴趣, 结果很糟, 所以说大家都这样.

Sample answer:

The reading material is a letter asking the school to cancel the community service. In the listening material, we clearly learn that woman doesn't like the idea. One reason she gives is that many students come to this university for the very project. They like to participate in the community activities so that they can lead a safer life.  Another reason is that the writer makes a hasty generalization because she knows the writer has ever done the service and felt boring. Based on the fact, the writer comes up with such an idea through the letter. Therefore, she disagrees with that opinion.

T4.

Reading: 【课文要点】Scenting Economy 指市场开发者依靠气味吸引顾客因为香气会令人愉悦；而且通过人的嗅觉，在人大脑的相应区域里留下印记，并影响人的行为。
Listening:【教授举例】
1）一家商店在女服装店门口放了吸引女人的香味, 在男服装店门口放了吸引男人的香味, 然后两个区的销量都翻了一翻。
2）香味影响顾客对商品价值的评估。一家鞋店在两个独立分店里放相同的鞋, 一个有香气源，一个没有, 然后让顾客对鞋子的价格进行评估，结果人们觉得有香源的店鞋好, 而且觉得那里的鞋的价格要高出10 dollars.
(WARNING:本题只要求用一个例子来说明SCENTINGECONOMY如何作用)

Sample answer:

In this set of materials, the reading passage explains scenting economy. That’s market developers use scents to attract customers.

In the listening passage, the professor gives 2 examples to illustrate this. One of them is that a store sprayed some women’s perfume onto the door of women’s clothing and pumped some men’s fragrance onto the door of men’s clothing. As a result, the sales volume of the two stores both doubled.

By these means, he proves that environmental scenting can help promote the economic growth.

T5.

【学生困难】：女生的一个室友整晚打电话, 弄得她睡不着, 找老师也没用。

【解决方案】：男生给她两个建议：

1）Formal Complaint, 应该是个学校的强制管理系统, 可以解决问题, 但有点太严重了, 而且女的怕惹麻烦。

2）Move to extra room, 缺点: 女生舍不得其他室友等等。

Sample answer:

In the conversation, the woman is having a hard time dealing with her roommate who talks on the phone the whole night.
The man offers her 2 solutions. One of the solutions he comes up with is to make a formal complaint ‘cause it will be resolved through the administrative system. But the woman says it would be too far. The other solution is to move to an extra room. I tend to agree with the second solution because she would still have the chance to meet the other roommates even though she left them. Also she wouldn’t have to take so much trouble asking the school to help her solve such roommate problems. And as the time going, she would be accustomed to the new room and get good sleep.

T6.
【讲课要点】：Social Cooperation 动物的互助行为。
1）鹿进食, 一个进食的时候老得提防狩猎动物, 所以效率很低, 一群进食的时候可以轮班进行防守, 提高效率。

2）蜜蜂找花粉. 蜜蜂找到花浆以后回巢跳舞告诉食物在哪, 与大家分享信息.

Sample answer:
The lecture tells us about social cooperation. That is survival of animals is dependent on the cohesiveness of the group. Then the professor goes on to explain that by giving two examples. One is that while feeding, one deer has to hide from predators. But when they clump together in large herds, they can have the added benefit of division of labor. Another example is about bees. When they find flowers, they get back to their honeycomb and show the other members where the food is by dancing. Therefore, it is beneficial to the individual to cooperate within the group.

4.29

T1. Describe a time when you needed help from others, how he or she helped you and what was the result? Please include details and examples to support your answer.

Sample answer:  (音频下载请点击附件help.mp3)
One of the greatest experience in which I received help was when I first met an English teacher reading aloud in a bookstore. His English accent was so native-like that I was deeply impressed and attracted. So I came over and asked him about the way he learned English. He was very nice to offer me help, telling me that pronunciation is very important in learning a foreign language because there’s linguistic distance between two different languages. He also told me the best way to practice pronunciation is by imitating and repeating after the native voice. He corrected me on the spot by showing me how to use the speech organs to make a native-like sound. I can still clearly remember that the two sounds he corrected was /au/ and /ai/. Keeping his thoughts and ideas in mind, I practiced after the tape for a month, then I made it ---- I could speak authentic(纯正的)American English!

                                                                      共8句

                                                                      我的时间记录为：44’’

                                                                      你的时间记录为:______

T2. Which factor do you think plays a more important role in career choice, money or your personal satisfaction? Please include details and examples to support your response.

Sample answer:  (音频下载请点击附件personal satisfaction.mp3)

We live in an interesting time when there is a huge amount of personal introspection (自省)going into people's choices for their career. Or at least there is talk of it.
The idea of enjoying what you do - and even more so, finding meaning and fulfillment in it, is a prevalent (流行的,普遍的)concept.

First, personal satisfaction and positive emotions have a significant relationship with happiness. Only if you are proud of the past, content with the present and optimistic about the future, you can obtain personal fulfillment.

Second,personal satisfaction is more than the income potential. Seeking out your career, whenever possible, wherever possible, based on your desires and aptitudes (才能,资质) can make you go a long way.

Most of all, personal satisfaction plays a crucial role in both thoughtful career planning
and overall career development.

                                                                     共8句

                                                                     我的时间记录为：42’’

                                                                     你的时间记录为:______

T3.

Reading:【学校通知】：Student-teach program. 说学校出台政策，四年级学生可以协助导师来进行对 first-year
学生的课堂教育。说一方面可以帮助这些人获得经验，另一方面可以帮助新生更好的学习。

Listening: 【学生议论】：女生先说这些学生都没有经验，男生不同意。他觉得这个项目很 EXCITING。原因有二：

1）老师也是从没有经验开始的，而且这个能更好的帮助新生学习，因为可以避免犯错误。
2）对于很多新生来说，刚开始他们还是比较害怕和导师接触，所以，这个项目能让新生更好的学习知识，因为他们可以与这些年长的同学交流。

Sample answer:

In the reading material, the university is considering a student-teach program. That is fourth-year students can assist their tutors to teach first-year students in class. In the listening material, we clearly learn that man likes the idea while the woman is afraid that these students have no experience.One reason he gives is that tutors are not born experienced. These future graduates can help the freshmen make fewer mistakes and learn better.

Another reason is that the program will benefit the new students a lot ‘cause they can have a better communication with these senior students. New students feel nervous about contacting with the tutors at the very beginning, but this program will help them bridge the gap and learn more efficiently.

Therefore, he agrees with that opinion.

T4.

Reading: 【课文要点】observational learning ability of animals。讲的是人类一直以为只有人类才有通过观察别人行为进行学习的能力，而动物必须通过“ training ”才可以。但是后来发现动物也可以通过 observation
来学习，而且学得更快。
Listening:【教授举例】experiments with octopus.
1）第一个实验，给 octopus两个球，一红一白，如果它碰红色的，就给一点奖励，比如给吃的；如果它碰白的，就给惩罚，尽管惩罚不严重。这是通过“ training ”对 octopus 进行培训。
2）另一个实验是在两个分开的空间进行，两个空间之间可以通过窗户相互看见。一只 octopus 在一个空间中不断的击打红色的球，但只击打红色。另一只 octopus 在另外一个观察。最后这只 octopus 也只击打红色的球，说明它通过observation 学会了这种行为，而且学的时间缩短。
问题：用教授的讲座来说明人们原来的关于动物的观点是错误的。

Sample answer:
In this set of materials, the reading passage explains observational learning ability of animals. That is animals can learn through observation and they even learn faster than human beings.
In the listening passage, the professor tells two experiment to illustrate this. They are experiments with octopus. One is that octopus was given two balls---- a red one and a white one. If he touches the red one, he will get a reward, like something to eat. But if he touches the white one, he will be lightly punished. This is sort of training to the octopus. Another experiment is that two octopuses were in separate rooms. They could see each other through the window. One octopus kept hitting the red balls in one room, the other one just observed through the window. In the end, the observing octopus only hit the red balls, too. This indicates that he acquired this behavior from observation.

By these means, he proves that it’s wrong to think that only humans have this kind of learning ability, animals do, too.

T5.

【学生困难】：男生参加的一个 singing group 一共就六个人，但其中一个主唱 solo 的 Bob因为要去参加一个面试，不能参加 singing group 下个周末的演出。

【解决方案】：女生给他两个建议：

1）推迟一个周，但到时候大家要考试了，很少有人来看．
2）男生代替那个 Bob 的位置，但演出效果会差，而且他需要准备一下。

Sample answer:

In the conversation, the man is worrying about the performance of his singing group next weekend ‘cause Bob, who sings solo, has to go to an interview. The woman offers him 2 solutions. One of the solutions is to put it off one week. The other solution isthat he can take the place of Bob. I tend to agree with the second solution because if he got well prepared, he would do a good job in the show. But if he postponed it, there would be fewer students attending because of the upcoming test.

T6.
【讲课要点】：product marketing. 教授说了 product marketing的目的是提高销售量。 然后讲了marketing的方法。
1. traditional marketing 的方法，就是美化产品的包装，让它更吸引人。但每个厂家都这样，就显不出什么新意。
2. alternative approach for marketing. 她举了一个食品产品的例子。这个食品公司要出一个新的产品Cereal（谷类）。在 marketing 的时候，公司没有把包装做的很漂亮，反而是做的 boring, 没有色彩，没有图片，只有一个单词 cereal ，这样反而更吸引目光，最后销量很好。

问题:用教授的讲座说明what is alternative approach for marketing.

Sample answer:

The lecture tells us that the purpose of product marketing is to promote its sales volume and gain more profit. Then the professor goes on to talk about the ways of marketing. One is traditional marketing. That is by beautiful packaging to make the product more attractive. But every company uses this method, so there’s no creative difference. Another is an alternative approach for marketing. The professor gives an example to illustrate it. A food company was going to sell a new product – cereal. When marketing, the company didn’t package it beautifully. Instead, the package looked boring ‘cause there was no color, no picture, just one word “cereal”, which turned out to be more appealing and sell very well.

[ 本帖最后由 秋姐 于 2008-6-12 21:47 编辑 ]

:kiss:

Thanks.

引用:

原帖由 秋姐 于 2008-4-16 13:47 发表
占楼

一直占楼。。。

已更新。

更新内容： 07.1.13 真题答案

[ 本帖最后由 秋姐 于 2008-4-27 21:41 编辑 ]

希望 好同志 继续呀 别停 加油加油 加油加油!!!!!!
我是不是太贪心了~~~~~~~~

谢谢秋姐

顶顶！！！！！！！！！！！！！

期待 07年 3月的真题答案  
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