小马元勋 2007-10-13 13:08
※【原创】推论题(inference questions)解题方法介绍
[size=3]关于推论题的特点请看OG双语版22页~23页[/size]
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[size=3]总结一下该类型题目的特点就是:[color=red]四个选项在原文中都没有被明显说明[/color][color=black],[/color][color=black]所以做起来有一定难度。但是所有的题目都是在文中有强烈的暗示,即:[/color][color=red]你肯定能从文章中推断出来![/color][/size]k(B&\h
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[size=3]解题方法:[color=red]寻找key word,然后看key word所在的句子,如果得不到有效信息,看它所在句子的前一句,再看它所在句子的后一句。[/color][/size]
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[size=3]示例:就拿OG的给的题目做例子吧。(OG23页)[/size]
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[size=3]Passage excerpt:"... The nineteenth century brought with it a burst of new discoveries and [/size][size=3]inventions that revolutionized the candle industry and made lighting [/size][size=3]available to all. In the [/size][size=3]early-to-mid-nineteenth century, a process was developed to refine tallow (fat from animals) with alkali and [/size][size=3]sulfuric acid. The result was a product [/size][size=3]called stearin. Stearin is harder and burns longer than [/size][size=3]unrefined tallow. This breakthrough meant that it was possible to make tallow candles that would not produce the usual smoke and rancid odor. Stearins were also derived from palm oils, so vegetable waxes as well as animal fats could be used to make candles…"[/size]
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[size=3]Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about candles before the nineteenth [/size]
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[size=3]century?[/size]
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[size=3]A. They did not smoke when they were burned.[/size]$e(YaW8f3O#Q*yCO
[size=3]B. They produced a pleasant odor as they burned.[/size]2k8O}0eG(o,F
[size=3]C. They were not available to all.[/size]
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[size=3]D. They contained sulfuric acid.[/size]
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[size=3]解析:首先是[color=red]寻找Key word[/color],所谓的Key word,最好具备两个条件[/size]6VIMN8B$n9i
[size=3]一:[color=red]不能被替换[/color],如果你找can作为的你key word,文中太多了,而且可以被替换,一般来说,特殊性的名词是不容易被替换的,比如caterpillar,你甚至找不到第二个词来解释毛毛虫这个专业的术语。[/size]
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[size=3]二:[color=red]独特[/color][color=black],何谓独特,最后是特别有特点的词,第一个有特点的就是[color=red]组合词,中间有横杠的那种[/color],比如这道题目,如果关键词是early-to-mid-nineteenth的话,我相信大家第一眼就能看见了,当然这样的词毕竟少,第二种就是[color=red]数字或数词[/color],比如如果题目中把nineteenth全部替换成19th,我相信是相当的好找,第三种就是[color=red]长的词[/color][color=black],比如假设题干中出现了[/color][/color][color=black][color=black]photosynthesis,相当长,这样找起来就会很方便,扫一下就能发现。[/color][/color][/size]$Y1^,]7g(jM
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[size=3]显然,从题目中可以找的Key word就是nineteenth,为什么不找candles?因为整篇文章都是讲[/size][size=3]candles,你如果找candles我估计你能找到N个。[/size]
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[size=3]然后看第一句和第二句都出现了nineteenth,看第二句写的是early-to-mid-nineteenth ,所以有点远了,就看第一句,把整个句子看好就能得出答案是C[/size]
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[size=3]当然这边题目设置的比较简单,如果我加一个E选项,candles are expensive,这样的话就会有点混淆作用,因为从C选项可能可以推出E选项,因为蜡烛贵,所以not available to all,但是我们不能这样,托福考试推论题只考察的是[color=red]最表层的推断[/color],比如A能推出B,B能推出C,题目问我们从A能推断出什么,我们只能选择B,而万万不能选择C,这和咱们的四六及思维有点不同,我想这也是造成这种题目容易错的原因吧。[/size]['U\SB`E ?%UN
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[[i] 本帖最后由 青蛙 于 2008-5-19 10:14 编辑 [/i]]
yiyi_plum 2007-10-15 00:06
......楼主是不是写错了...这题的答案是C啊
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因为前面说了made lighting available to all...所以推断在那之前应该是...C啊
hoylewang 2007-10-15 22:55
恩,我觉得听楼主一说,豁然开朗!
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听君一席话,胜读十年书
hoylewang 2007-10-15 22:56
楼主把其他的一些不好做的题的方法也介绍一下吧,比如说purpose题、插入题、最后的那两种表格题8bfeYtx.y E{
谢谢啦!!
卍倾城卐 2007-11-15 23:06
再顶!
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今天把毛毛帖子全顶起!
Ajax_wxy 2007-11-16 17:07
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o(∩_∩)o...
reika198308 2007-12-6 18:31
楼主写的很好,你说"如果得不到有效信息,看它所在句子的前一句,再看它所在句子的后一句。"象这到你举例的题,我是能从第一句看到信息,可是自己还是不敢确定啊,所以还用了时间看后面
victorylcy 2008-4-3 12:07
thanks
beichenxuan 2008-9-3 13:16
谢谢分享 分析得清楚明白 就是有点疑惑 A推出B的时候 由 “The nineteenth century brought with it a burst of new discoveries and inventions that revolutionized the candle industry and made lighting available to all” 推出candles were not available to all 这种推论好简单呀 简直就像原文里的 只是把陈述句改为否定句 这样的的话与细节题(factual information)没啥区别了嘛 不知道 怎么区别了 还请版大点拨下:)