查看完整版本: 【转帖】阅读加试目前为止最详细机经

小马元勋 2007-5-16 23:17

【转帖】阅读加试目前为止最详细机经

[color=#ff0000]转自台湾2007版橘宝书,强烈要求HORSE去买一本共享[/color]mE dG/RW
[size=7]进化论[/size]0OL7p8RV2b!hd+t6y1}*X
[size=3]机经[font=Times New Roman]1[/font][/size]
or K/pT8] [size=3]开头,达尔文认为自然选择[font=Times New Roman] are too slow for people to witness.[/font][/size]
2oh(`!H~9Q:b!j,IZ [size=3]([font=Times New Roman]1[/font])[font=Times New Roman]witness [/font]是什么意思,选[font=Times New Roman] observe[/font][/size]vI h _$A'b&Dr
[size=3]([font=Times New Roman]2[/font])为什么达尔文这么认为?选自然选择要进行很长一段时间。[font=Times New Roman]R`W:Cf*p\i V:K
[/font]科学家那[font=Times New Roman]
6G&h6eFc5a9^t)R5o guppy[/font]做试验。[/size]O.F,d&`3x
[size=3]([font=Times New Roman]3[/font])试验描述[font=Times New Roman] guppy [/font]总是[font=Times New Roman] grow as quickly as possible to mate,[/font]产生[font=Times New Roman] as many offsprings. [/font]早熟的代价是[font=Times New Roman] life span [/font]变短,每个[font=Times New Roman] offspring [/font]也不能得到太多母[font=Times New Roman] guppy [/font]的[font=Times New Roman] engergy[/font]。[font=Times New Roman] the risk of early death are offset by other risks.[/font]说的这一段是什么作用?前一段末尾说了,[font=Times New Roman]R put the predications into test.[/font]这段是描述试验,测试猜测。[/size]:e0U'K#[ U9v2U"eM
[size=3]([font=Times New Roman]4[/font])[font=Times New Roman]offset [/font]这个词的意思?[font=Times New Roman]balanced[/font]。[font=Times New Roman] R [/font]又测试,把[font=Times New Roman] guppy [/font]从捕食者多的地方放到捕食者少的[font=Times New Roman] pool [/font]里养,他们相对晚熟,活的更久,每窝产更少的蛋,蛋的个头比[font=Times New Roman]5\ K9s v H+z
   [/font]对比组都大。[/size]
9x U$r@6\MA#[ [size=3]([font=Times New Roman]5[/font])对上述内容那个说法不对?对,每窝产更多卵。有些自然选择不需要人的干预[font=Times New Roman]-i;Jvf)N.WNu6k*`0@c
   [/font]就能在短时间内发生。[/size]
b yH6ED6{ [size=3]([font=Times New Roman]6[/font])插入,插入内容是,在这种情况下,生物学家只要活的久就能观察到变化。某地干旱,一对夫妇学者观察那里的一种鸟,[font=Times New Roman] birds with small beaks only eat small seeds. birds with long beaks
9B1VL(r:Z.X could eat large seeds because their beaks are strong enough to break the large seeds.[/font]干旱的时候小种子少,嘴短的鸟死了,嘴长的鸟[font=Times New Roman]
J B5O(XL    [/font]存活。存活的鸟和第二年的鸟交配,后代的鸟嘴整体变长。雨量又充足的时候,又足够小种子,这个时候,新出生的鸟的鸟嘴又变短了。[/size]:og1|0ba9E
[size=3]([font=Times New Roman]7[/font])长嘴鸟的优势?打碎种子。[/size]8i:I"biz7s
[size=3]([font=Times New Roman]8[/font])鸟嘴和[font=Times New Roman] guppy [/font]试验的共同点?好像选的都在相对短的时间发生,自然选择人类可以观察到。[/size]S@5z|&ah[2Oz
[size=3]([font=Times New Roman]9[/font])雨量充足的日子鸟嘴又变短了,忘了考的什么题目。[/size]
t"]v^zP0TH [size=3]([font=Times New Roman]10[/font])考察全文主要内容的多选[/size]
2X*^u;SV [font=Times New Roman][size=3][/size][/font]+Rt+S6F]8k5F.zOy
[size=3]机经[font=Times New Roman]2[/font][/size]
M9|s|Hi,O A [size=3]关于进化论[font=Times New Roman]/[/font]自然选择[font=Times New Roman](natural selection)[/font],达尔文[font=Times New Roman](Darwin)[/font]的自然选择学说[font=Times New Roman](natural selection) [/font]认为,进化[font=Times New Roman](evolution)[/font]的发生需要很长的时间[font=Times New Roman](long time)[/font]才能验证,这种限制是[font=Times New Roman]Darwin [/font]当时不能[font=Times New Roman]experiment [/font]证明[font=Times New Roman] nature selection [/font]的原因(第一题考),然后讲了现代生物学家发现在短期可以观察到[font=Times New Roman] nature selection [/font]给动物的一些特性带来的变化。[/size]n F C6_7^x
[size=3][font=Times New Roman]a)[/font]人为控制条件:有一种鱼([font=Times New Roman]guppy[/font]),他们生活在下游时由于[font=Times New Roman] predator [/font]很多,所以繁殖的速度很快;但当科学家把他们带到上游生活(那里的[font=Times New Roman] predator [/font]很少),他们的繁殖的速度明显变慢了。即如果猎食者少,它们就成熟更晚,长得更大,生更少的卵,不过每个卵孵出的小鱼会更大更健康。([font=Times New Roman]guppy [/font]在[font=Times New Roman] predator[/font]多的时候,[font=Times New Roman]life-span, size, mate, reproduction [/font]都有变化,为什么变化。然后,再将一部分放入[font=Times New Roman] predator [/font]少的[font=Times New Roman] pool [/font]中,[font=Times New Roman]offspring [/font]发生了很多[font=Times New Roman] changes[/font],比如比它们的[font=Times New Roman] ancestor size [/font]上要大,下[font=Times New Roman] egg [/font]少了,[font=Times New Roman]-[GJ%s R2@*g
   [/font]等等。整个实验耗时[font=Times New Roman] 11y[/font])[/size]
e/D.D?,D [size=3][font=Times New Roman]b)[/font]自然条件变化,我们需要做的只是[font=Times New Roman] observe[/font]。有一种海鸟(一说为[font=Times New Roman] finch[/font]),由于干旱,发生食物短缺。那些站着长而硬的[font=Times New Roman] beak [/font]的[font=Times New Roman] bird [/font]往往能生存下来[font=Times New Roman]([/font]这里考了个生词[font=Times New Roman] decimation[/font]=[font=Times New Roman]
b5C7p4Y d:LIT8W'L     destruction)[/font],这样[font=Times New Roman]S8R;W JsrJ
   [/font]一来这一地区的这种[font=Times New Roman] bird [/font]很快都有了长而硬的[font=Times New Roman] beak[/font](考:长而硬的[font=Times New Roman]beak [/font]可以打碎[font=Times New Roman] large size[/font]的[font=Times New Roman]grain[/font])。所以干旱季节后新鸟[font=Times New Roman]
8ml;J;z z!T     beak [/font]普遍大,雨季后又缩小了,总之就是[font=Times New Roman]&apf/yPQ]`
    short term [/font]而且可以[font=Times New Roman] swing.([/font]讲了有关它们[font=Times New Roman] beak [/font]的大小的。[font=Times New Roman]cause [/font]是[font=Times New Roman] lethal drought[/font]。[font=Times New Roman])[/font][/size]
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[size=3]机经[font=Times New Roman]3[/font][/size]
!rQ_:^\7V[l [size=3]关于[font=Times New Roman]natural selection[/font],[font=Times New Roman]Darwin [/font]的[font=Times New Roman]natural selection[/font]本来需要[font=Times New Roman]long time evolution [/font]来验证,本文则是用了两个[font=Times New Roman]relatively short evolution's examples [/font]来[font=Times New Roman]support natural selection[/font]。[/size]-GAi*tI9B _%n3] S
[size=3][font=Times New Roman]1st[/font],人为控制条件。有一种鱼,在[font=Times New Roman]predator[/font]多的时候,[font=Times New Roman]life-span, size, mate, reproduction[/font]都有变化,为什么变化。然后,再将一部分放入[font=Times New Roman]predator[/font]少的[font=Times New Roman]pool[/font]中,[font=Times New Roman]offspring[/font]发生了很多[font=Times New Roman]changes[/font],比如比它们的[font=Times New Roman]ancestor size[/font]上要大,下[font=Times New Roman]egg[/font]少了,等等。整个实验耗时[font=Times New Roman]11y[/font];[/size].Bb rsl
[size=3][font=Times New Roman]2ed[/font],自然条件变化。我们需要做的只是[font=Times New Roman]observe[/font]。讲的是[font=Times New Roman]finch[/font],有关它们[font=Times New Roman]beak[/font]的大小的。[font=Times New Roman]cause[/font]是[font=Times New Roman]lethal drought[/font]。自然选择对生物的影响(与达尔文的不同)两个例子,[font=Times New Roman]guppy [/font]在[font=Times New Roman]predator[/font]多和少池塘里生活,大小不同([font=Times New Roman]offspring [/font]的大小多少)和一种鸟在小岛上适应干旱[font=Times New Roman]( large &small) [/font][/size]'U6GJ,nz3P
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[size=3]机经[font=Times New Roman]4[/font][/size]!^r F ElQ7V[M2g
[size=3]达尔文的生物进化论认为生物进化需要较长的时间,但通过实验发现并不需要,一种鱼在下游受到的各种威胁较多,因此生育快,寿命短,个体小。当实验者将下游的鱼放到上游,通过一段时间观察,发现该鱼生育时间延长,个体体型变大。另外自然环境中也有此现象,一对科学家夫妇在非洲观察一种有喙鸟类,当发生自然灾害时,短喙鸟先死亡,长喙鸟存活。当环境适合短喙鸟时,则短喙鸟数量增多。[/size]
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a(V^?\5Ys [size=3]机经[font=Times New Roman]5[/font][/size]2UBMM bD7Hcz
[size=3]达尔文的进化论要求很长期才能看出来进化特征,文章举了两个例子关于短期进化实验:[font=Times New Roman]1[/font]。人工干预的实验,一种鱼类,在深海有很多天敌,浅海天敌较少,把他们放在天敌很多的环境中让他们生活,若干年后,这些鱼开始生命周期缩短,产卵早,母鱼不抚养幼鱼。再把他们放回浅海后,由若干年观察他们,他们产卵比最初减少,但体积增大。[font=Times New Roman]2[/font]。自然实验:一个岛上有一种鸟,一次大干旱,很多喙小的鸟灭绝了,因为喙大的鸟能够更好地摄取食物;后来自然条件恢复,发现那些鸟的喙又逐渐减小。大题目是总结题[/size]|0fKZ0Sik
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[size=3]机经[font=Times New Roman]6[/font][/size]%m\7t qkk3xK
[size=3]达尔文的进化论着重强调,由于环境变化什么的动植物要经过很长时间的进化才形成新物种。但有些人提出短时间内物种也能进化。有一种鱼,放在下游,还有好多[font=Times New Roman]predator[/font],所以这些鱼的繁殖速度加快,[font=Times New Roman]baby[/font]与鱼比以前大,品质差,畸形多,所以就不会超负荷。而且长得快。放在上游,并且有很少[font=Times New Roman]predator[/font],它们的繁殖速度就慢,而且[font=Times New Roman]baby[/font]鱼不大并且生长速度慢。[/size];h?W1nE%s
[size=3]说有一种鸟,有的嘴大有的嘴小。最小的就只能吃小的[font=Times New Roman]seed/nut[/font]。有一段时间干旱,种子大,死了好多鸟,可调查研究发现,死的鸟是有规律的。斯的大多是小嘴的鸟。后来天气恢复正常之后,发现那些后代鸟比以前的嘴大了。雨量充沛的话,鸟的嘴又比以前小了。[/size]4{*SC%Z JD
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[size=3]机经[font=Times New Roman]7[/font][/size]
s1r#w(RZ`?4c [size=3][font=Times New Roman]Darwin [/font]曾经错误的说:因为进化太慢,人不可能[font=Times New Roman] witness [/font]进化过程(辞汇题[font=Times New Roman] witness- observe[/font],还有题问[font=Times New Roman] Darwin [/font]为什么说不能[font=Times New Roman] witness[/font])[/size] `+J7i(J2VZx
[size=3]第[font=Times New Roman] 2-5 [/font]段举了一个小动物的例子,生活在上游的动物,捕食者少,动物繁殖慢,[font=Times New Roman]size[/font]大,当捕食者多的时候,动物就要靠增加后代来减少被捕食的危险。这样子就导致动物的寿命便短、成熟期提前。一个科学家花了[font=Times New Roman] 11 [/font]年,把动物[font=Times New Roman]move[/font]到上游,发现动物的[font=Times New Roman] size [/font]张大[font=Times New Roman] 10%[/font][/size]t|)hkk
[size=3]后几段是另一个例子,有一些动物的进化过程不需要人参与,幸运的科学家只要观察就可以了。讲一种[font=Times New Roman]bird[/font]的[font=Times New Roman]beak[/font]。小嘴的只能吃小的[font=Times New Roman]seed[/font],如果天气干旱,[font=Times New Roman]small[/font]的[font=Times New Roman] seed [/font]吃光以后,[font=Times New Roman]small beak [/font]的鸟就死了。所以天气连续干旱几年,这种鸟的嘴就变长;天气变回去,鸟嘴就变回去,这种变化太快,就像钟摆一样[/size]
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[align=center][b][font=Arial][size=3]Evolution[/size][/font][/b][/align][font=wingdings][size=8pt]¨ \O,~4uC4J:`.\ Z
[/size][/font][size=3][font=Arial]Evolution, in biology, is complex process by which the characteristics of living organisms change over many generations as traits are passed from one generation to the next. [/font][/size]
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[/size][/font][size=3][font=Arial]The science of evolution seeks to understand the biological forces that caused ancient organisms to develop into the tremendous and ever-changing variety of life seen on Earth today.[/font][/size]
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v"oI8\4d+d(]9U Y [font=arial][size=11pt]Charles Darwin[/size][/font][font=arial][size=11pt][font=wingdings][size=8pt]¨6J(H9j D1QugN,N
[/size][/font][font=arial][size=11pt]In the 17th and 18th centuries, most [b]prominent[/b] scientists of the day remained [b]convinced[/b] that the variety of life on Earth could only result from an act of [b]divine [/b]creation.[/size][/font]4J6~/TCGT
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%?#O|r)D!@9l&XZ [/size][/font][font=arial][size=11pt]In the mid-19th century a modern theory of evolution took hold, thanks to British naturalist Charles Darwin.[/size][/font]
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M&OP1QaR [/size][/font][font=arial][size=11pt]In his book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, published in 1859, Darwin described the evolution of life as a process of natural selection.k;M4D(J1~5f O3[
[/size][/font][size=11pt]物种起源[/size][font=arial][size=11pt]-[/size][/font][size=11pt]物竞天择[/size]
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:rw5Z6ix8^ }'u [/size][/font][font=arial][size=11pt]Living things must compete for food and space. They must evade the[b] ravages[/b] of predators and disease while dealing with unpredictable shifts in their environment, such as changes in climate.[/size][/font]'k3G1z(u(? m&s+` f
[font=wingdings][size=8pt]¨
8M ?^'ty1R+|[V [/size][/font][font=arial][size=11pt]The number of organisms with these traits increases as each generation passes on the advantageous combination of traits.[/size][/font]
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z-S]l G7z3A [/size][/font][font=arial][size=11pt]While On the Origin of Species was an instant sensation and best-seller, Darwin’s theories faced [b]hostile[/b] reception by critics who railed against his [b]blasphemous[/b][/size][/font][b][size=11pt]亵渎神明的[/size][/b][font=arial][size=11pt] ideas. [/size][/font]
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ST-B$q%u5Q [/size][/font][font=arial][size=11pt]Other critics pointed to questions left unresolved by Darwin ’s careful arguments. For instance, Darwin could not explain the mechanism that caused life forms to change from generation to generation.[/size][/font]
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l8j1p*Wg [/size][/font][font=arial][size=11pt]However, hostility [b]gave way to[/b]
W?]NR$G(FW     [b]acclaim[/b] as scientists [b]vigorously[/b] debated, explored, and built on Darwin ’s theory of natural selection. [/size][/font]
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[/size][/font][font=arial][size=11pt]As the 20th century [b]unfolded[/b], scientific advances revealed the detailed mechanisms missing from Darwin ’s theory. Study of the complex chemistry of all organisms unveiled the structure of genes as well as how they are duplicated, altered, and passed from generation to generation.[/size][/font]
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$y` EE5y*` [/size][/font][font=arial][size=11pt]However, many people reject the concept of evolution because it conflicts with their religious beliefs. The Biblical account of the Creation, for example, says that God took only a few days to create all living things essentially as they exist today[/size][/font][/size][/font]
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T!QLWXs [[i] 本帖最后由 小马学生会 于 2008-5-21 11:37 编辑 [/i]]

小马元勋 2007-5-16 23:30

<p><span style="BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9;"><font size="5"><strong>两河流域苏美文明与埃及文明之比较</strong></font></span></p><br/><p><font size="3"><span>机经</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></font></p><p><span><font size="3">两河流域的苏美文明,讲的是苏美遗产不多的原因一些东西</font></span></p><p><font size="3"><span>开头,</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">it is astonishing that...</font></span><span>两个地方在同一时间产生了两种文化,并且互有交流。一个</span><font face="Times New Roman"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><span>是尼罗河的埃及文化,一个是两河流域的</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> M </font></span><span>地文化。埃及文化仰仗尼罗河,河水孕育</span><font face="Times New Roman"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><span>了富饶的土地,两岸有沙漠作为自然屏障。</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">M </font></span><span>地不一样,河水土地</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> narrow and shallow, </font></span><span>周围没有起保护作用的天然屏障。</span></font></p><p><font size="3"><span>(</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span>)</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">astonishing </font></span><span>这个词是什么意思?我选的</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> amazing</font></span></font></p><p><font size="3"><span>(</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span>)在西元</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> XXX </font></span><span>年,尼禄文化和</span><font face="Times New Roman"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span>M </span></font><span>文化同时发展。对原文这句话的同意改写。</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">M </font></span><span>地很少出现一个唯一的统治者,即使有,掌权时间也是很短暂的。地理上容易</span><font face="Times New Roman"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><span>受外界侵袭,不像埃及那样,有唯一的统治者。埃及有</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> divine<span>&nbsp; </span>kingship ,M </font></span><span>地内</span><font face="Times New Roman"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><span>乱外乱一堆,内乱和外乱是替换。</span></font></p><p><font size="3"><span>(</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span>)内乱外侵</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> are its substitute.</font></span><span>考察指代,</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">its substitute </font></span><span>是什么、我选的</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> devine kingship</font></span><span>。即使</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> M </font></span><span>地这么乱,它的</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> culture and artistic continuity are remarkable.</font></span></font></p><p><font size="3"><span>(</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span>)那个对</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> m </font></span><span>地文化的描述不对?我选的:文化和艺术发展不连续。</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">M </font></span><span>地的文字和</span><font face="Times New Roman"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><span>其他的文化没有什么联系。</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">M </font></span><span>地人没有埃及那样对</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> hereafter </font></span><span>来世的概念。而且</span><font face="Times New Roman"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><span>他们的建筑材料是</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> mud and wood,</font></span><span>不持久,虽然在</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> city of Ur.</font></span><span>发现了一些富人的</span><font face="Times New Roman"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><span>坟墓。</span></font></p><p><font size="3"><span>(</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span>)</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">Ur </font></span><span>城市地点在哪里?前一段末尾说</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> M </font></span><span>地的什么在两河交流处。本段说</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> m </font></span><span>人来</span></font></p><p><font size="3"><span>自</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> P </font></span><span>地,在</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> southern<span>&nbsp; </span>M </font></span><span>地。选项记得三个,</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">egypt,<span>&nbsp; </span>northern<span>&nbsp; </span>M,</font></span><span>两河交汇处。我</span><font face="Times New Roman"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><span>选的最后一个。</span></font></p><p><font size="3"><span>(</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span>)虽然在</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> city of Ur.</font></span><span>发现了一些富人的坟墓。这句话的作用?对</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> M </font></span><span>地的了解只能</span><font face="Times New Roman"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><span>通过</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> extration </font></span><span>的东西,上面有</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> vast XXX</font></span><span>。</span></font></p><p><font size="3"><span>(</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span>)</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">vast </font></span><span>这个词的意思</span><span><span><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span>我选的</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> large number</font></span></font></p><p><font size="3"><span>(</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span>)插入,插入文字:虽然学者们对</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> M </font></span><span>地的研究取得了如此成就,我们对</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> M </font></span><span>地人</span><font face="Times New Roman"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><span>的生活了解很有限。</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">M </font></span><span>地不同地区有不同的</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> god </font></span><span>和</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> human ruler</font></span><span>。</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">human ruler </font></span><span>带</span><font face="Times New Roman"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><span>领人们进行祭神的活动。</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">god<span>&nbsp; </span></font></span><span>不仅呼风唤雨,对土地有所有权,而且能够分配</span><font face="Times New Roman"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><span>人力资源,还能</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> XXX</font></span><span>。</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">divine </font></span><span>的</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> XXX </font></span><span>不是</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> fiction</font></span><span>,从</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> M </font></span><span>地的神身上就能看出</span><font face="Times New Roman"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><span>来。</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">M </font></span><span>地有</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> divine socialism</font></span><span>,神庙条配人力和庄稼。所以说,虽然</span><font face="Times New Roman"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span>writing </span></font><span>是宗教相关的,我们会发现神庙的记录都是和经济和农业相关的。</span></font></p><p><font size="3"><span>(</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">9</font></span><span>)对</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> M </font></span><span>地神的描述哪个不对?我选的,一个神和另一个神打架。</span></font></p><p><font size="3"><span>(</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span>)为什么说那个</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"><span>&nbsp; </span>divineXXX<span>&nbsp; </span></font></span><span>不是</span><font face="Times New Roman"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span>fiction</span></font><span>?答案对应原文,记不清楚了。</span><span><span><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span></font></p><p><font size="3"><span>(</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">11</font></span><span>)</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">....a<span>&nbsp; </span>considerable<span>&nbsp; </span>part<span>&nbsp; </span>of<span>&nbsp; </span>harvest...<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>considerable </font></span><span>是什么意思?选表示很多的那</span><font face="Times New Roman"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><span>个词。</span></font></p><p><font size="3"><span>(</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">12</font></span><span>)考察全文主要内容的多项选择。</span></font></p><p><span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"></font></span>&nbsp;</p><p><font size="3"><span>机经</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></font></p><p><span><font size="3">讲了美索不达米亚与埃及两地的文化比较:</font></span></p><p><font size="3"><span>两者是同时发展起来的文化(考:</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">Mesopotamia </font></span><span>文化是独立于</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> Egypt </font></span><span>的文化),他们同时存在,有交流,但没有一方压倒另一方。</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">Egypt </font></span><span>的体制跟两河的政治体制不一样,一个</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> united under </font></span><span>一个什么体制下,另外一个则由于地理条件的制约不存在</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> united format</font></span><span>。另外两河的文明很少有</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> tangible substance </font></span><span>留下来,因为他们的</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> architecture structure </font></span><span>与</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">Egypt</font></span><span>不一样,对他们文字的研究也是通过发掘</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> fragment </font></span><span>的方法研究的。还讲了两河的</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">local lord</font></span><span>,这人不是</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">fiction </font></span><span>的,他对他那个</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> city state </font></span><span>具有很大的</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">influence</font></span><span>,文中讲到的是</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> economic aspect.</font></span><span>同时,他传话</span><font face="Times New Roman"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><span>通过一个叫做人君的人传话。其中讲到了</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> Mesopotamia culture </font></span><span>的特点:建筑物没有</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> Egypt </font></span><span>的牢固,文化没有文字记载等。好像有个题考:</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">location of Ur</font></span><span>。</span></font></p><p><span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"></font></span>&nbsp;</p><p><font size="3"><span><font face="Times New Roman">Mesopotamia </font></span><span>的背景:美索不达米亚</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span>亚洲西南部</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> Tigris </font></span><span>和</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> Euphrates </font></span><span>两河流域间的古王国,</span><span><span><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span>今伊拉克所在地</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">) </font></span><span>美索不达米亚古代西南亚介于底格里斯河和幼发拉底河之间的一个地区,位于现在的伊拉克境内。可能在西元前</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> 5000 </font></span><span>年以前就开始有人在此定居。这一地区孕育了众多的人类早期文明,其中包括苏美文明、阿卡德文明、巴比伦文明和亚述文明。蒙古侵略者在西元</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> 1258 </font></span><span>年破坏了该地区发达的灌溉系统之后,这一地区的重要性就此减小。</span></font></p><p><span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"></font></span>&nbsp;</p><p><font size="3"><span>机经</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></font></p><p><font size="3"><span>两河流域文明</span><font face="Times New Roman"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span>Sumerian</span></font><span>:比较埃及文化和两河流域文化。前者因为有外界沙漠的保护,政治上比较稳定和统一;而后者缺乏天然保护,很难保持稳定。但即便如此,两河的交汇处仍然产生了</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> Sumer </font></span><span>文化。但该文化的遗存较少。</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">Sumer </font></span><span>文化的特点之一是其本地神的信仰。本地神代表各种自然现象神,其俗世的代表为当地的君主。这种本地神信仰不止于精神层面,也包括一种社会主义的经济分配方式。</span></font></p><p><span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"></font></span>&nbsp;</p><p><font size="3"><span>机经</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span></font></p><p><span><font size="3">两河地域的美索布达米亚文明,先是和埃及文明作比较,比较的结果是他们(美索)由外来入侵,文明不易保存,建筑用的材料也不易保存,考古学家只能从挖掘出来的文物中研究他们。后半部分是讲苏美尔人在两河地区建立的文明的特点,特别是他们城邦的宗教神祗制度,影响了他们的经济制度(献纳)。大题目是分类题,比较埃及文明和苏美尔文明</font></span></p><p><span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"></font></span>&nbsp;</p><p><font size="3"><span>机经</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span></font></p><p><font size="3"><span>科学家惊奇的发现,两种文明可以在同一时间产生。在埃及文化产生时,美索不达米亚文化也同时应运而生。埃及土地肥沃,造成它的独立性。美索不达米亚两河流域,地理环境特殊,四周沙漠什么的,老被侵略,所以都是一个帮一个帮的,美索不达米亚文化不像埃及文化一样,美索不达米亚文化没有留下很多遗产。当初美索不达米亚的居民生活好像挺好的,所以一直没有人提出统一的想法,很久以后才有,可是由于大量的花费在战争上什么的,很快就覆灭了。由于当时的环境条件,那里的人们都用泥土</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span>木头盖房子,所以和埃及不一样,现在我们没找到什么当初留下的建筑物。</span><font face="Times New Roman"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><span>我们现在还挖出了许多陶器石板,上面刻着文字,只能通过这些推知历史。后来又变成什么苏美了,这是从外面迁徙过来的民族。</span></font></p><p><font size="3"><span></span></font></p><p><font size="3"><span>知识补充:</span></font></p><p><font size="3"><span>新托福真经考前点题名师大讲堂1</span></font></p><p><font size="3"><span>World history(世界史)</span></font></p><p><font size="3"><span>&nbsp;</span></font></p><p><font size="3"><span>■&nbsp; 农业Agriculture的起源:(R: 06.02.11)</span></font></p><p><font size="3"><span>Agriculture的起源。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 先有个理论focus on west Asia的Mesopotamia。说在某个时期,由于亚热带地区变干旱,人们和动物便向XX河gather,而且人们在自然界中所能找到的食物减少,所以开始耕种。另一个理论说,农业实际并非在肥沃的热带地区产生,因为那里很好找食物,不用种植来防止starvation,而是在肥沃地区的边缘产生的。</span></font></p><p><font size="3"><span>&nbsp;</span></font></p><p><font size="3"><span>The rise of agriculture </span></font></p><p><font size="3"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; According to most scientists, agriculture&nbsp;began in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, or 8000 B.C. </span></font></p><p><font size="3"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The first farmers lived in a region called the Fertile Crescent (新月沃土), which covers what is now Lebanon (黎巴嫩) and parts of Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Syria, and Turkey. </span></font></p><font size="3"><span><p><br/>&nbsp; </p><p></p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; For hundreds of thousands of years, prehistoric people lived by hunting, fishing, and gathering wild plants. </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Some tribes discovered that plants can be grown from seeds. They also learned that certain animals could be&nbsp; tamed&nbsp;&nbsp; and then raised&nbsp;&nbsp;in captivity. These two discoveries marked the beginning of the domestication (tameness) of plants and animals. </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; People who farmed no longer had to travel in search of food. They could thus build permanent<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; settlements. Some of these settlements developed into the first cities. Some of the cities, in turn, produced the world's first civilizations. </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The first great civilizations arose in two regions of the Middle East . One region was the Nile River Valley of Egypt . </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The other was Mesopotamia, which lay northeast of Egypt between and around the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Both regions had fertile soil, but neither received enough rain for crops to grow. Farmers discovered, however, that they could raise crops during most of the year if they used river water for<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; irrigation. </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Also by about 3000 B.C., Egyptian and Mesopotamian farmers invented a plow that oxen could pull. The food surpluses enabled more and more people to give up farming and move to the cities. </p><p>Classes of builders, craftworkers, merchants, and priests began to appear and systems of writing (cuneiform &amp; hieroglyphics) were improved. These dramatic developments contributed greatly to the growth of civilization.</p><p></p></span></font>v [_:Ro+Y8CZlw

'bW_cQ

melaniening 2007-5-21 20:53

<p>老师,能说明一下橘宝书到底有多经典阿!!</p>

小马元勋 2007-5-21 21:02

橘宝书是台湾一个公司出的,里面有大陆所不具备的最详细的机经,机经详细到每个题目都给你写了。大陆地区没有销售,目前在大陆网上流通的是CBT的橘宝书,在本论坛的资源下载专区有下4VOPJA V*o
E"F Y'_S

写在心里 2007-6-11 21:06

<p>狂顶,比新东方说的详细,不知道听力有没有更详细的</p>

tony_wang 2007-6-25 06:23

<p>现在哪能下到或买到呢,不过我觉得老马讲的好好记记,也已经足够考试了</p>

小马元勋 2007-6-27 14:41

在台湾的网站有下,2007年的还没出

乐醒Angelene 2007-7-10 01:19

<p>大家一定要把这个打出来好好研读,我就考到这个了!!考到的时候欢欣鼓舞~~~</p><p>英文的拓展部分其实没什么用滴……</p>

givenchyszhang 2008-3-9 20:08

谢谢LZ

ellencici 2008-3-12 22:46

是说阅读 就只有这两篇是加试的么?

happyclaire012 2008-4-9 22:48

好贴 !!!

huitingting 2008-4-19 16:00

Ding:victory:

kadzz 2008-4-26 13:58

顶起~!
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