小马教务处 2008-5-14 23:51
阅读中的核心词汇剖析
[b]Key Word 1[/b]: Verb or Predicate 谓语动词是文章每句话主要意思的体现者。换句话说,只要能把每句话中的谓语动词读懂那么整篇文章的主干意思也就非常清晰明了了。我们来看下面一段文字:
The floor of a river valley develops in one of two ways: as arock-floored valley bottom or as an accumulation valley floor. Arock-floored valley is formed by a stream that no longer incises bycutting downward but rather erodes laterally in a course that windsfrom side to side across the valley floor. In a rock-floored valley,the valley slopes are undercut and steeped by the sideways erosion. Thefloor of the river channel lies in the bedrock, and on either side ofthe channel it is covered by only a thin layer of gravel and sand. Asthe stream swings across the valley floor, it deposits material on theinsides of the bends in the channel.
通过对上面文字各个句子中的谓语动词的重点标示,读者应该会发现,文章的理解难度大大降低了,我们也不再用去无聊地思考为什么风能从一边到另一边地吹过峡谷底部了(winds from side to side across the valleyfloor),因为我们知道重要的是思考rock-floored valley是怎么形成的(formed),它怎么变陡峭的(undercutand steeped),它所在的位置在哪里,被什么东西覆盖(lies and covered),以及它沉淀物质在什么地方(deposits)。
[b] Key Word 2[/b]: Direction Words or Cohesive Devices
Direction Words的作用体现在三个方面:帮助我们预判focus或topic,帮助我们预判细节关系或者说是细节结构,帮助我们确定阅读速度的快慢。我们来看下面的例子:
Reports on an organization’s projects may fill several majorfunctions at the same time. A report can be used to educate and gainsupport from key people and groups, to facilitate and informdecision-making about current and future projects, and to providedocumentation for the organization’s records.
上面文字中的several是一个不定数词,它属于Classification & Listing这一类DirectionWords,当它出现在观点句中或者结论句中的时候,它表明紧跟在它后面的名词或者名词短语就是下面文字的topic orfocus,在这里我们知道下面文字的中心是报告的主要功能(majorfunctions)。其次通过several这一结构指示词,我们还可以判定下面的细节部分不是分类讨论结构就是列举结构。最后我们既然已经能够预判下文的中心和结构,也就自然能够加快阅读速度了,毕竟已知大意和目的的内容可以加快阅读。