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这篇的很多错误其实是语法和逻辑上的错误，LZ只要在查对听力文本之前稍加检查然后再听一遍，相信LZ是可以听出来的。建议LZ听写之后不要着急查对文本，再仔细斟酌一下或许会更好。#G]R/y7~v
个人意见，仅供参考，LZ坚持的很好，加油哦:loveliness:

[b][font=Times New Roman]谢谢辅导员的鼓励，您的话很有用，让我很有动力。我会继续努力。[/font][/b]
CUr:zTO [b][font=Times New Roman]Campus life 1: summer practice[/font][/b]
9l1q,L#@$h [font=Times New Roman]It seems like only yesterday that I was sitting where you are. Just finishing my first year of medical school and wondering if I[color=red]’d[/color] ever get a chance to use all my new knowledge on a real [color=red]live [/color][color=blue](life)[/color] patient. Well, I have [color=red]a[/color] good news for you. You don’t have to wait until your third or fourth year of medical school to get some hands-on experience. The dean has[color=red] invited[/color][color=blue] (advised) [/color]me here to tell you about the university’s rural opportun[color=red]ity[/color] program. If you[color=red] enroll [/color][color=blue](are enrolled)[/color] in this program, you can have[color=red] the[/color][color=blue] (an)[/color] opportunity this summer, after your first year of medical school, to spend from four to six weeks [color=red]observing and assisting[/color][color=blue] (observance and assistance)[/color] a real physician, like me, in a small rural community. You won’t have to compete with other students for[color=red] time and attention[/color][color=blue] (trying attention)[/color], and you can see what [color=red]life as a country doctor [/color][color=blue](the life of country doctor)[/color] is really like. The program was designed to encourage medical students like yourselves to consider [color=red]careers[/color] [color=blue](a career)[/color] in rural communities that are still understaffed. It seems that medical school students are [color=red]afraid [/color]to[color=red] go into[/color] rural family practice for two reasons: first, they don’t know much about it and second, specialists in the cities usually make more money. But on the up-side, in rural practice doctors can really get to know their patients and be respected members [color=red]of[/color][color=blue] (at[/color]) the community. I participated in the program when it [color=red]was [/color]first started and spent six weeks in[color=red] a [/color][color=blue](the)[/color] small rural town. Let me tell you, it was really great. I got to work with real patients; I watched the birth of a child, assisted an accident victim and had [color=red]lots of [/color]really practical hands-on experience all in one summer. And to my surprise, I found the country life has a lot to offer [color=red]that[/color][color=blue] (than)[/color] city life doesn’t,[color=red] no pollution or traffic jams[/color][color=blue] (no pollution, no traffic jams)[/color], for instance. My experience [color=red]made me[/color] [color=blue](may be) [/color]want to work where I[color=red]’m[/color] needed and appreciated. I don’t miss the city at all.[/font]

[b][font=Times New Roman]Campus life 2: Arrangement of schedule[/font][/b]1},Tc"Fdkk
[font=Times New Roman]In the few minutes [color=red]that[/color] [color=blue](of)[/color] remains of today’s class, I’d like to discuss next week’s schedule with you. Because I am presenting a paper at a conference in [color=red]Detroit[/color] on Thursday, I won’t be here for either Wednesday’s or Friday’s class. I will, [color=red]however, be[/color] here for Monday’s. Next Friday, a week from today, is the midterm exam, marking the halfway point in the semester. Professor Andrews has agreed to administer the exam. In place of the usual Wednesday class, [color=red]I’ve arrange[/color]d[color=blue] (I’ll arrange)[/color] an optional review[color=red] session[/color] [color=blue](section)[/color]. Since it is optional, attendance will not be taken. However, attending the class would be a good idea for those [color=red]worried[/color][color=blue] (worry)[/color] about the midterm. So, remember, optional class, next Wednesday; midterm, Friday.[/font]

[b][font=Times New Roman]Campus life 4: Housing policy[/font][/b]&Z#lR__-A@
[font=Times New Roman]I need to make sure you understand how to get housing for next year. When you entered as first year students this year, the school arranged you to a dorm and a roommate, but next year, as returning students, you[color=red]’ll[/color] choose both your roommate and your dorm. But whether or not you actually get to live in your first choice depends on what number you or your roommate draws in the lottery system. The system gives priority to the students[color=red] who [/color]have been here longest. Fourth year students get the first block of numbers, third year[color=red]’s[/color] get the second block, second year[color=red]’s[/color], like you[color=red]’ll[/color] be, get the third. The lower the number you draw, the sooner you choose. Number one gets the first choice; number two gets the second choice, and so on. You can use either your[color=red] (won)[/color] [color=red]own [/color]or your intended roommate’s number to make your room choice. If your roommate for next year has been[color=red] at [/color][color=blue](in)[/color] the school longer than you have, they’ll be in a better block of numbers, and so [color=red]will[/color][color=blue] (you’ll)[/color]'f7c\9[ H.xZ
have a better number than any second year student. But most of you will probably be rooming with other second year students, and so neither of you may have a great number. You may not get into your first or even second choice. Of course, if [color=red]you’ve made [/color][color=blue](you make) [/color]plans to live off campus you don’t need to enter the lottery at all. Dorm [color=red]space will[/color][color=blue] (stay should)[/color] be especially tight this year because the dorms on North Campus will be closed for renovations. This means that those of you who draw the [color=red]worst (worse) [/color]numbers won’t be able to get dorm housing at all. In that case, the housing office will help you find off campus housing.[/font]

[b][font=Times New Roman]Campus life 3: Airline enrollment[/font][/b]
P2DY`z
A [font=Times New Roman]Good afternoon, I’m here day to talk to you about [color=red]a[/color] career with our airline. We are especially interested in recruiting people to fill opening[color=red]s[/color] for fly[color=red] attendants[/color] [color=blue](attendance).[/color] First of all, to work [color=red]as[/color] [color=blue](at)[/color] fly [color=red]attendant[/color] with us, you must be accepted into our training program. [color=red]And with[/color][color=blue] (As we know) [/color]so many people applying, it’s not easy to be selected. From the thousands of applications that we receive annually, we choose [color=red]fewer than a thousand [/color][color=blue](a few than the thousands) [/color]people for training. So we require experience serving the public and it also hel[color=red]ps[/color] if[color=red] you’ve earned[/color][color=blue] (you earn) [/color]some college credits. Also, not everybody who gets [color=red]accepted[/color][color=blue] (acceptant)[/color] into the training program makes it through. [color=red]The course meets[/color] [color=blue](Because we need)[/color] six days a week for five weeks, the training includes extensive classroom [color=red]work in[/color] [color=blue](working)[/color] such subjects as [b][i]first aid and passenger psychology[/i][/b], as well as practical training in [b][i]flight procedures and meal service[/i][/b]. A lot of our graduates [color=red]say that[/color] [color=blue](served)[/color] our flight [color=red]attendants[/color] develop[color=red]ed[/color] the skills of a nurse, a [b][i]headwaiter [/i][/b]and a [b][i]public relations executive[/i][/b]. [color=red]But, as a flight attendant myself[/color][color=blue] (But is flight attendance myself)[/color], I can say that [i]all of the hard work is worth it[/i]. Of course, I get to travel throughout the country and the airline pays all of my expenses [color=red]while [/color][color=blue](when)[/color] I’m away from my base station, And, what I like best of all is that[color=red] I’ve made[/color] [color=blue](I make)[/color] friends with people from all over the country.[/font]

[b][font=Times New Roman]Conversation 1: Dinosaurs’ extinction[/font][/b]*bLh8P$oZH8?
[font=Times New Roman]W: I think you would [color=red]have enjoyed[/color] [color=blue](enjoy) [/color]my geology class this morning.[/font]
CD/p?g7B [font=Times New Roman]M: Don’t bet on it. I[color=red]’ve[/color] never care[color=red]d [/color]much about rocks.[/font]
/be#Bx3w;h\:M [font=Times New Roman]W: But you do care about dinosaurs [color=red]I recall[/color] [color=blue](that record)[/color]. And toady we discuss the geological evidence about what [color=red]may[/color] have killed off the dinosaurs at least here in North America[/font]
3j
t0N$gqfl ^oU [font=Times New Roman]M: Oh, sure. [color=red]They got[/color] [color=blue](Figure out[/color]) hit by a comet or something. I think.[/font]
)ef6f']^`8Pw+| [font=Times New Roman]W: Well, yeah. About 60 million years ago, a huge comet did [color=red]cra[/color]sh into earth down in Mexico. And it [color=red]plowed (ploughed)[/color] out [color=red]as[/color] an enormous crater over a hundred miles across. [/font]
io-k"nY@ [font=Times New Roman]M: [color=red]And that’s what why death the dinosaurs, right[/color][color=blue] (And that would like amaged dinosaurs. Right)[/color]?[/font]
I4I+f
K@
\n NI [font=Times New Roman]W: Well, it wasn’t exactly the impact itself but what happened right [color=red]afterward[/color] [color=blue](outward).[/color] You see researchers figured out from the shape of the crater that the comet must be coming [color=red]in[/color] pretty low across the Atlantic. And so right after the impact,[color=red] a [/color]huge cloud of[color=red] fire river [/color]must [color=red]have [/color][color=blue](be)[/color] swept clear[color=red] across the[/color] [color=blue](the coast of) [/color]North America, all in just a few minutes. And that what probably kill off [color=red]not just[/color][color=blue] (most of)[/color] the dinosaurs but a lot of different species of plants and animals.[/font]
!Wtmq/`P7o0JTB [font=Times New Roman]M: Amazing[/font][font=宋体]！[/font]
M h MtZb [font=Times New Roman]W: Yeah. And even 2000 miles from the impact,[color=red] plants would have been burst in the flames[/color] [color=blue](fire would be burst into flare)[/color][/font]
6j0M8]2u(q|]L [font=Times New Roman]M: And the fire that intense must [color=red]to[/color] destroy just about everything.[/font]
w y_ S8zm0X6CD4E [font=Times New Roman]W: Well, above ground anyway.[/font]4k5yg l*B
[font=Times New Roman]M: Above ground?[color=red] Say.[/color] I wonder [color=red]if [/color]it [color=red]that[/color] [color=blue](may[/color]) explains why the dinosaurs[color=red] all (are) [/color]disappeared but some other animals, like maybe small mammals, living underground manag[color=red]ed[/color] to survive.[/font]
'I%|hZ3^ L3DM8H [font=Times New Roman]W: Make sense. [color=red]Anyhow later on the tons of dusts that thrown away out into the atmosphere may have caused some global climate change[/color] [color=blue](anyway. Let around the tons of dust through away out into the atmosphere may had caused some global climate change)[/color]. So eventually, the comet probably affected plants and animals species all around the world but nowhere as much as North America.[/font]

[b][font=Times New Roman]Conversation 2: human impact to the earth[/font][/b]
dP_"V?:A [font=Times New Roman]We have been talking about some of the [color=red]ef[/color]fects that [color=red]the[/color] human beings[color=red] so act[/color][color=blue] (added)[/color] on the earth. One [color=red]that [/color]you may not be aware of is that we’[color=red]ve[/color] actually [color=red]begun[/color][color=blue] (became)[/color] to change the length of the day. [color=red]The other[/color][color=blue] (You know that)[/color] we say [color=red]that [/color]one day[color=red] is the amount of time[/color] [color=blue](that a moment of[/color] [color=blue]time) [/color]the earth needs to [color=red]spend[/color] complete[color=red]ly[/color] around on [color=red]the[/color] axis,[color=red] and the[/color] imaginary line[color=red] runs through the center of[/color][color=blue] (round through the senerory)[/color] the earth from north to south. And of course there are a lot of physical[color=red] causes (forces)[/color] that can affect the [color=red]spin (speed)[/color] of the earth’[color=red]s[/color] rotation, but there is only one that direct[color=red]ly[/color] [color=red]results of (results from)[/color] human activity. Since 1950, human beings have built about 10 thousand artificial reservoirs all over the world. These reservoirs have redistributed tremendous amount of the earth’s water. [color=red]When they are[/color][color=blue] (One of them)[/color] used to be in[color=red] the[/color] areas [b]nea[color=red]rly[/color] the equator[/b] and the imaginary line[color=red] on surround the middle of[/color][color=blue] (once around the middle of)[/color] the earth is now [color=red]the[/color] reservoirs are in areas of different latitudes. The latitude matters because, well, think of the earth [color=red]and its axis[/color] [color=blue](at the axis)[/color], the equator contains the areas on the earth [color=red]that are the farthest away from axis[/color][color=blue] (but it has furthered away from the axis)[/color]. So water has been redistributed from [color=red]the equator reasons, then[/color] [color=blue](auctorial, regions that) [/color]wherever the water is,[color=red] to it’s close to the earth axis[/color][color=blue] (is close to the water axis).[/color] It’s like [color=red]when[/color] [color=blue](one)[/color] ice skaters perform spins. When [color=red]those[/color] skaters put their arms enclose to their bodies, they spin faster. So the earth [color=red]is spinning faster[/color][color=blue] (has been speeding fast)[/color] because the reservoirs have redistributed the water closer to its axis. And because the earth is [color=red]spinning faster[/color] [color=blue](speeding faster)[/color], sine 1950 the length of day has decreased by about 8 [color=red]millionth of a second[/color][color=blue] (millions of seconds)[/color]. I know that doesn’t sound [color=red]like[/color] [color=blue](very[/color]) much but significant in that this is the first time that human beings [color=red]has[/color] ever had a [color=red]measurable[/color] [color=red]e[/color]ffect on the earth[color=red]’s[/color] motion.[/font]

[b][font=Times New Roman]Conversation: Climate of urban areas[/font][/b]
d2OTX&|/tL,l [font=Times New Roman]First of all, let’s look at why temperatures tend to be higher in city than the rural area. This happen[color=red]s[/color] because almost fifty percent of [color=red]the[/color] urban areas are comprised of hard surfaces, like paved streets, park[color=red]ing[/color] lots, buildings and roof tops. As a result, any amount of rainfall is quickly repelled by[color=red] these surfaces [/color]and carried away by [color=red]storm[/color] drains and [color=red]gutters[/color]. Essentially, water just doesn’t have[color=red] the [/color][color=blue](a)[/color] chance to [color=red]stand around until evaporate[/color][color=blue] (stay around and evaporate)[/color] and during the process of [color=red]the [/color]evaporation that heat is removed from the air. So in cities where there is less [color=red]of[/color] evaporation temperatures will be higher and [color=red]that[/color] of course there’s also an issue of added heat coming from building heating systems, from industry, cars [color=red]and[/color] even human body. Even within the city itself, temperatures can vary significantly. For example, in winter, streets that get a lot of use will be two or three degrees warmer than less traveled streets. In places where cars [color=red]sit [/color][color=blue](seat)[/color]
*z9UW%E3fVeig IIa for a while like[color=red] a[/color] stoplight can be another three degrees warmer. On the other hand, low spots in the city where cold air collect will be much colder than high places. Rain and sno[color=red]wf[/color]all are also affected by urbanization. Cities tend to get slight less snowfall than the surrounding countryside because of the warmer temperature in [color=red]the[/color] city. But rainfall in the city can be five to ten percent higher. This happens because of two factors: First, the warmer city temperatures; second, the lar[color=red]ger[/color] number of dust particles in the [b][i]urban [color=red]air[/color][/i][/b] [color=blue](area)[/color]. [color=red]It seems[/color] [color=blue](You see)[/color] dust particles are important requirement for condensation. The water vapor in the atmosphere is able to change to liquid by[color=red] planning (clinging) [/color]to dust particles suspended in the air. So where there’s the higher number of dust particle, condensation takes place more easily. That’s why fogs and clouds are usually more frequent[color=red]ly[/color] around cities. Once condensation takes place, rainfall is not far behind. In the London area, for example,[color=red] thunderstorm[/color][color=blue] (Sandy Storm) [/color]can produce thirty percent more rainfall than the surrounding countryside. Some urban climatologists go so far so argue that they can see a [color=red]pattern – an increasing [/color][color=blue](pandering an increasing)[/color] rainfall during the wor[color=red]kw[/color]eek. They believe rainfall amounts are smaller on weekend because dust particles generated by cars and factories are reduced.[/font]E6Wq-_pY*w8^
[font=Times New Roman][/font]
r2VJVo9Y9vP,f [font=Times New Roman][color=red]The water vapor in the atmosphere is able to change to liquid by clinging to dust particle suspended in the air.[/color][/font]I4y(]@1U Q
[font=Times New Roman][color=red]这句中应该是clinging to 而不是planning to .根据气象学是聚集生成凝结核。[/color][/font]

可以看出
E6Q {.j%m h!C 楼主再听写中的主线是很清楚的
fK~)^y2E o 出现错误的地方大都不影响对Gist的把握%{;fP7b6z0J
yu4](BuGuWM'D!]8~
加油

你 每天 都听 啊 真佩服你 向你学习

[b][font=Times New Roman]Lecture 4: Day becomes longer[/font][/b]
6cY9TD5IZb${-p VM [font=Times New Roman]I often hear my friends say that the days pass much more quickly than they used do. But geological[color=red]ly[/color] speaking just [color=red]the opposite is true[/color][color=blue] (is opposite to this true)[/color]. In fact a complete day which now lasts 24 hours actually used to be much shorter, only about 18. How [color=red]do[/color] we know that? Because of a number of[color=red] finally strata rocks (finely striped rocks)[/color], like these, [color=red]rock form belong (rocks formed along) [/color]ancient shorelines almost billion years ago. The tiny lines in [color=red]these samples[/color] show us layers of light and dark formed by dust blowing over the shoreline from the [color=red]landsite [/color][color=blue](landside)[/color].IL
^tz$O.h/Cd
Alternating[color=red] was[/color][color=blue] (with)[/color]
mIu kRI mud and sand deposited by the waves. So the space between one dark"l?&P*O*N
[color=blue]stripe[/color] and the nextR1i4][Z?;f0FBJ
[color=blue]represents[/color] the time between one [color=blue]monthly[/color] [color=red]high tide[/color] and the next. And [color=blue]vary in[/color][color=red] fitness[/color] of the layer show us the[color=blue] cycle of the seasons[/color] as well. Together the data indicate [color=red]that[/color] there were fewer months for year way back then. That means that the Moon was moving more slowly [color=red]than as it revolved[/color][color=blue] (then than that rotated)[/color] around the Earth. So what caused the Moon [color=blue]to [/color]speed up so much over [color=blue]the[/color] last billion years? It must [color=red]to[/color] be the tides. Think about it. As the gravity of the Moon pulls on the oceans to form the tides, all that water is also pulling on the moon and with [color=red]each[/color] [color=blue](its)[/color] rotation it makes the moon move a tiny bit faster. At the same time, like the brakes [color=red]on the wheel of bicycle[/color] [color=blue](of a wheel of a bicycle)[/color], the drag caused by the moon’s gravity makes the earth turn just a tiny bit slower. And so after a billion years [color=red]or [/color]so, one rotation meaning one day takes a lot longer than it once did.[/font]
a3Zx#t|2yz [font=Times New Roman] [/font]]:J8Z${q
[color=red][font=Times New Roman]Comment[/font][font=宋体]：[/font][/color])c z7L
tn
ag lrp+F)\9_
+@ ?F,M6s'oPo7H)H
[font=Times New Roman][color=red]Revolve-公转，the earth revolves around the sun or the moon revolve around the earth.; rotate-自转,One day passed when the earth rotates a circle.[/color] [/font]
c fD#j~g9W]m%ZW w8}u2iPduG

/K7?8Y0U:B9k4s [font=Times New Roman][color=red]听出文本几个怪的地方，感觉应该是错了(我只写出来感觉应该是什么吧，其他战友仔细听听看看是什么)：[/color][/font]jd!ml)VD"A2d
[font=Times New Roman][color=red]1.finely striped rocks[/color][/font]2wJoxz2J{R
[font=Times New Roman][color=red]2.rocks formed along[/color][/font]&eDtVl S[e6s
[font=Times New Roman][color=red]3.stripe[/color][/font]BkzQ(T!Fg9nD0L
[font=Times New Roman][color=red]4.represents[/color][/font]
s0z-v&e ~)J [font=Times New Roman][color=red]5.monthly[/color][/font]
C,[#x1W6pP [font=Times New Roman]just these.[/font]

[b][font=Times New Roman]Lecture 5: Pyroclastic in volcanic eruption[/font][/b]
X#| ]AkMdH:h(p [font=Times New Roman]Most of you are probably familiar with [color=red]the[/color] flow of lava that can result from a volcano eruption, lava actually being a mixture of magma and [color=red]convince being produced (convince to be produced[/color][color=blue], can then spin produced)[/color] underground. And many people think this eruption refers only to [color=red]an[/color] explosion. But in geology, an eruption is any release of magma. This [color=red]can and[/color][color=blue] (canton) [/color]often does [color=red]common[/color][color=blue] (come in) [/color]the form of [color=red]the [/color]explosion, but sometime[color=red]s[/color] the magma just [color=red]blows out over[/color] [color=blue](loses out of)[/color] the mouth of volcano. In any event, let’s take a look now at some of the other hazards called by volca[color=red]nic[/color] events. [color=red]Pyroclastics[/color] is the word used to describe the fragmentary rocks [color=red]that were rejected[/color] [color=blue](but ejected)[/color] during the volcanic eruption. A [color=red]pyroclastics[/color] fall is the combination of rock fragmen[color=red]ts[/color] and [color=red]fluid fire[/color] lava that[color=red] built in[/color][color=blue] (spuled into)[/color] the air. This project tiles can be just tiny pieces of ash or they can be rock fragments that are typically the size of baseball or volleyball, although some can be so enormous[color=red] they [/color][color=blue](that) [/color]weigh many tons. The most dangerous of all volcanic events is what we call [color=red]a [/color][color=blue](the)[/color][color=red] pyroclastics[/color] flow. [color=red]In this explosion[/color], [color=red]there are[/color][color=blue] (as[/color]) tremendous[color=red] released pressure [/color][color=blue](release of pressure)[/color], and[color=red] these [/color][color=blue](this)[/color] result in avalanche of super heated mixture of gas and rock. This glowing avalanche as it call[color=red]ed[/color] can reach [color=red]the[/color] temperature of 1000 degree centigrade and can travel as far as 6 hundred kilometers at an hour. It can literally destroy everything as it pass[color=red]ed[/color]. And that’s what happen[color=red]ed[/color] when[color=red] Mount pelee[/color] erupt[color=red]ed[/color] on [color=red]Martinique[/color] island in 1902. Within minutes [color=red]after the volcano [/color]erupted, the town of [color=red]Saint Pierre[/color] was completely [color=red]wiped out [/color][color=blue](vanished out).[/color][/font]

听力有的地方用词真怪啊。光是看都很费劲啊。

[b][font=Times New Roman]Lecture: earth’s climatic change[/font][/b]esa#W!rV&U
[font=Times New Roman]Today, I want to talk about the earth’s last major climatic shift at the end of the last [i]ice age.[/i] But first, let’s back up a moment and review what we know about climatic change in general. First, we defined climate as consistent patterns of weather over significant periods of time. In general, changes in climate occur when the energy balance of the earth is disturbed. Solar energy [color=red]enters[/color][color=blue] (at) [/color]the earth’s atmosphere [color=red]as[/color][color=blue] (is)[/color] light and is radiated by the earth’s surface as heat. Land, water and ice each affect[color=red] this (earth)[/color] energy exchange differently. The system is so complex that, [color=red]to date (to data)[/color], [color=red]our best [/color][color=blue](are based on) [/color]computer models are only crude to approximations and [color=red]are[/color] not sophisticated enough to test [color=red]the[/color] hypotheses about the causes of climatic change, of course, that doesn’t keep us from speculating. For instance, volcanic activity is one mechanism that might affect the climatic change. When large volcanoes erupt, they disperse tons of particles into the up[color=red]per[/color] atmosphere where the particles then reflect light. Since less light is entering the system of energy exchange, the result would be a cooling of the earth’s surface. Of course, this is just one possible mechanism of global climate change.[i] In all probability[/i], a complete explanation would involve several different mechanisms operating at the same time.[/font]

，神，加油啊，，

[b][font=Times New Roman]Lecture 4: fossil fuels[/font][/b]
uW pP9].e [font=Times New Roman]Today I want to discuss fossil fuels, such as coal, oil and natural gas. The term fossil fuel refers to the [color=red]trapped remains [/color]of plants and animals in sedimentary rock. You see, living plants trap energy from the sun by the process of photosynthesis and they store the energy in [color=red]their ([/color][color=blue]the)[/color]
L%vd;r.G H chemical compounds. Most of[color=red] that ([/color][color=blue]the)[/color]
vbq N7mD R{${ energy is released when the plant dies and decays. However, sometimes organic matter is buried before it decayed completely. In this way, some of the solar energy becomes trapped in rocks[color=red] hence[/color][color=blue] (has)[/color] the name fossil fuel. Although the amount of organic matter trapped in any one growing season in small, the accumulated remains[color=red] from [/color][color=blue](for) [/color]millions of years are considerable. Because the accumulation rate is so slow, million of times slower than the rate[color=red] at[/color] which we now dig up this organic matter and burn it for energy. We must consider fossil fuels as non-renewable resources. Tomorrow we’ll be discussing alternative[color=red]s[/color] to fossil fuels that can be renewed. [/font]o pTHp?#c
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tSm9KpQ[ [b][font=Times New Roman]Lecture 6: earthquake prediction[/font][/b]A3^Ma ry!~g+l
[font=Times New Roman]Now you’ve been reading articles about the tremendous damage [color=red]done [/color][color=blue](down) [/color]to life and property by earthquakes. That’s why seismologists [color=red]have been[/color] ([color=blue]to be[/color]) working so hard to develop methods of earthquake prediction. We can now predict earthquake fairly well but the predictions only locates potential areas of danger. They don’t predict the specific time and location[color=red] at [/color][color=blue](and)[/color] which [color=red]an[/color] earthquake is likely to occur. Today I want to introduce to you three prediction models that have been developed. The first prediction model looks along earthquake fault[color=red]s[/color], th[color=red]o[/color]se cracks in the earth’s crust,[color=red] to find what are[/color][color=blue] (defined as)[/color] known as seismic gaps. Seismic gaps are places where the faults[color=red] has shown[/color] [color=blue](show[/color]) little or no seismic activity for a long time. This theory postulates that such places are [color=red]due [/color][color=blue](doom)[/color] for a major shock. The second model relies on phenomenon like ground tilt, using long cylindrical tubes containing water, observers noted that ground[color=red] tilt tended to occur[/color][color=blue] (tend to tilt[/color]) before the major earthquakes. That [color=red]led [/color][color=blue](lets)[/color] them to correctly predict the big Hichung quake in 1975, the first successful earthquake prediction scientists have ever made. A million people were evacuated from that Chinese city before the earthquake [color=red]struck[/color]. Unfortunately, this method hasn’t worked consistently, so we can’t say it’s been perfected. The third model is based on the theory that major earthquakes closely follow a series of minor ones. [color=red]Starting [/color][color=blue](Studying)[/color] with the measurements and timing of the smaller quakes, a complex [color=red]formula calculate[/color][color=blue]s (formulate and calculate)[/color] the “time of [color=red]the[/color][color=red] increased[/color][color=blue] (increasing) p[/color]robability” of [color=red]a [/color][color=blue](the) [/color]much larger quakes. Right now, this method like the first can not predict the specific times and places, but that may change as it is further developed. For the moment, none of these models can predict with reasonable levels of confidence.[/font]

中国的地震预测还是很牛鼻的。海城大地震不就是世界上第一个成功案例嘛！！
3uP"[UY 四川地震为什么没有预测出来，是因为中国学风不正。专心该研究的人没钱，有钱的学者没有几个专心，踏实地。 都在哪想着挣钱呢。DR0U7X$H Cz
埃。其实中国的人才还是很多的，就不知道政府什么时候能充分利用。如果能充分利用，人人有敬业精神，国家强大很容易。

[b][font=Times New Roman]Lecture 7: Ocean research[/font][/b]5rJ+s\Bx
[font=Times New Roman]One reason [color=red]oceanographers[/color] [color=blue](that ocean geographers) [/color]analyze the sediment on the ocean [color=red]floor[/color] [color=blue](flow) [/color]is to see how long-terms changes in earth’s temperature have affected the depth of the ocean. By analyzing the remains of sea animals in old layers of ocean sediments,[color=red] oceanographers [/color]can determine the depth of the ocean in the past. They[color=red]’ve[/color] analyz[color=red]ed[/color] hundreds of such layers, including some from the coldest periods of [color=red]the[/color] earth’s history-the ice ages. What they[color=red]’ve[/color] found is that during the ice ages, the amount of water in the oceans decreased. Water levels in the ocean dropped by about 400 hundred feet. Water from the ocean evaporated, and become frozen in continental glaciers, so it didn’t drain back into the ocean. When temperatures eventually rose again, the glaciers melted, and the oceans return[color=red]ed[/color] to their former depth. Analysis of sedimentary data indicates that periods of[color=red] glacial freezing and melting[/color][color=blue] (glaciers frozen and molten)[/color] occurred in regular cycles of 20 thousand, 40 thousand and 100 thousand years. [color=red]Oceanographers[/color] are interested in the history of [color=red]seawater [/color]levels because they hope to use[color=red] this (these)[/color] historical data in order to predict the possible effect that the global warming could have on seawater levels. If industrial [color=red]pollutants are[/color][color=blue] (pollution has) [/color]capable of heating global temperatures to the point that glaciers begin to melt, it is urgent for us to know precisely how high sea levels [color=red]will[/color] rise as a result. [/font]

[b][font=Times New Roman]要练听力存储力！！！！[/font][/b]#{:ie(q:GLx
[b][font=Times New Roman]Lecture 9[/font][/b][b][font=宋体]：[/font][font=Times New Roman]Gas hydrate[/font][/b]
v!SjC|U8gD [font=Times New Roman]Scientists are always on theD'p!U KEme
[color=blue]lookup[/color] for alternative sources of energy. Toady, we’re going to discuss one tha[color=red]t’s[/color] so plentiful, they say it could supply more energy than all the coal and oil in the world. It’s found[color=red] in[/color] something called gas hydrate and believe it or not that’s a kind of ice. That’s right. But the water in this ice was way down below the earth’s surface when it was frozen, so it was under a lot of pressure. And trapped inside the crysta[color=red]ls[/color] of ice are individual molecules of methane—[color=red]that’s what’s in natural gas [/color][color=blue](that was in natural gas)[/color]. All this makes gas hydrate pretty strange [color=red]stuff[/color] [color=blue](stop),[/color] if you touch a match to a piece of this ice, it will burst into flame. And when geologists bright a chunk of it up to the surface to study [color=red]at[/color][color=blue] (it in)[/color] normal air pressure and temperature, gas hydrate begins to hiss[color=red] and[/color][color=blue] (in[/color]) bubble----and in less than half an hour, the ice melt[color=red]s[/color] and the methane inside escape[color=red]s[/color] into the air. Now, as you might guess, this can make gas hydrate [color=red]a[/color] kind of hard for miners to handle, and then there’s the problem [color=red]of[/color] where it’s located----in frozen arctic regions or in ocean water off Atlantic coast---and up to a mile down. Environmentalists warn that mining it could even be disastrous. Offshore drilling could allow seawater to seep down into the huge [color=red]icy [/color]deposit[color=red]s[/color] and release tons of methane up into the atmosphere. And methane, [color=red]our[/color][color=blue] (as) [/color]listeners may recall, is a greenhouse gas that could really worsen the problem of global warming. So gas hydrate may offer some interesting possibilities, but with all these drawbacks, I’m not going to hold my breath waiting for it to fuel my furnace.[/font]

[b][font=Times New Roman]Lecture 10: The Great Plains[/font][/b]
u/a4C6m9r [font=Times New Roman]Look at our [color=red]topographic map[/color] [color=blue](top graphical map[/color]) and you’ll see that the middle third of[color=red] the [/color]North America continent---for the[color=red] Rocky[/color] Mountain almost to the [color=red]Mississippi[/color] River---is pretty flat, this is the Great Plains. This kind of area is sometimes called [color=red]a[/color] [i]prairie[/i], sometimes [color=red]a [/color]steppe, that’s s-t-e-p-p-e. The defining features are[color=red] level terrain[/color][color=blue] (level to rain)[/color], dry climate and [color=red]an [/color]absence of trees. The Great Plains are actually the former bed of shallow inland sea. Over millions of years, sediment left [color=red]by[/color] glaciers, water and wind[color=red] smoothed out[/color] [color=blue](slowly move up)[/color] the dry sea bed. As I said, the Great Plains are[color=red] bordered[/color][color=blue] (boarded)[/color] on the west by the[color=red] Rocky[/color] Mountains and it’s really the [color=red]Rockies[/color] that[color=red] are[/color] responsible for the formation of the grasslands. The mountains are so high that they block the heavy moist air traveling [color=red]east[/color]ward from the Pacific Ocean, later[color=red], drier (dry) [/color]air pas[color=red]ses[/color] over the mountains. Until people intervened with irrigation and farms, only grass could grow on the dry, windy plains. In fact, we can divide the Great Plains into three zones. In the west where[color=red] it’s (is) [/color]driest and windiest, the grass is very short, in the eastern zone, there’s more rain and [color=red]the[/color] grass grows as high as [color=red]3[/color]60 centimeters. In the middle third, there’s a mix of grass species that grow to an intermediate[color=red] height[/color][/font]