pulse的听写帖子(页 2) - ┫新托福听力课堂┣ - 小马过河-新托福专业备考社区 TOEFL|IBT|新托福

pulse 2008-4-28 08:36

#13

[b]4.28 linguistic # 3[/b] h]t2u&H2Z.~vR

intro linguistic class
you recall that last class i talk about how the sound made by most animal ,though sometimes  [b]complex[/b],
are diff from human language.i?]Fy t8{
only in human do these sound [b]represent[/b] [b]object and events[/b]. [news:/s/00:17.0-00:20.7] 2on/uk s
keep in mind that most animal only can repeat their limited [b]utterances[/b] over and over again.
while humam can say thing that never be said before. [news:/s/00:20.7-00:29.4]
toady i want to focus on human languange and how it developed.
i [b]doubt[/b] you will be suprise when i say the evolution of language is slow and [i][b][u]laborious[/u][/b][/i].  [news:/s/00:33.6-00:38.6]
there are some relible evidence that language begin with early human a m and half y ago. [news:/s/00:38.6-00:43.6] N"y#S@ a
through the studise of size and shape of brain fossil ,scientist have determine that early human brain like modern brain, have [b][u]left hemisphere slightly larger than right hemisphere[/u][/b] . [news:/s/00:43.6-00:54.9] o D t]o-L
!@0BF6U5MzG3WD
we know that modern human left hemisphere  is the [b]seat[/b] of language. [news:/s/00:54.9-00:59.8]
we also know early human brain have well developed [b]frontal[/b] [b]section[/b] ,known as b area.  [news:/s/00:59.8-01:04.1]
which  [b]coordinates[/b] the mus of [b]month and throat[/b]. [news:/s/01:04.1-01:07.9] -{n)r M^ P
it's clear that early human had speech [b]apparatus[/b] [news:/s/01:07.9-01:11.6] BL3x9Nn%^r
they can produce any sound that we can. what we dont know is whether the early human use what they had.
since [b]scholar[/b] know virtually nothing about prehistoric speech patten,all they can do is [b]spectulate[/b] about how language actualy [b]originated[/b]
let me give a brief sum,a sum of this theoryvv8u,\t2O8LT

[[i] 本帖最后由 pulse 于 2008-5-16 10:58 编辑 [/i]]

pulse 2008-4-28 08:38

#14

[b]4.28 history#2[/b]

tour guide
before our tour to M, I will give you some historical fact that will help you appriciate when you see today even more.
M,is the very much love home town of Thomas ,for over 50 years
was ,of cou, president, was also a great reader and language enthuasict 3T5D0Qkvx"em
he read widely in different subject,including archtecture, [news:/s/00:27.0-02:39.9] Yj`$gJ `JLC4l5P
he wasn't formally trained archtect ,but as result,of his study and observertion of other building ,he was able to help to design the house.
he choose the site himself,naming the [b]estate[/b] M,which means little moon in [b]Italian[/b]. [news:/s/00:40.1-00:46.3] od+fEe:H3`'I?V
in fact,many ideal behide the build come from Italian archtect [news:/s/00:46.3-00:58.5] )R_ax)K`YP5P
who lived in 16 century, and who had a great influ on the archteture of England.)Ee6]1l _Vc&a

jeff, howeven ,ignore one of P's [b]priciples[/b].that is not to build in the high place [news:/s/00:58.5-01:05.3] ,]t]#qqcF~_
M 's [b]elevation[/b] make transportation of what is need at the house, for example,food,especially diff. [news:/s/01:05.3-01:13.0]
but the view form this estate wont be as [b]spec[/b] [b]tacula[/b] as jeff had follow P's advice.
there is really no [b]boundary[/b] between the house and the nature arround it. [news:/s/01:18.8-01:22.5]
so Jeff is able to kook out his [b]beloved[/b] state F from this wonderful [b]vantage point[/b]. [news:/s/01:22.5-01:28.6]

[[i] 本帖最后由 pulse 于 2008-5-16 10:58 编辑 [/i]]

pulse 2008-4-28 08:41

#15

[b]4.28 history#3 thatching[/b]
KGed(ii[
listen as a guider describe the ancient art of thatching roofJ#ts(^KWAmQ*@5G
welcome to ? farm,where troditinal of the past perserved,for [b]vistor[/b] like u.8\l:XcY$jQr^8a
today our master thatcher will begin give this [b]barn[/b]  behind me a sturdy [b]thatched roof[/b],able to withstand heavy wind and last up to hund years. [news:/s/00:16.5-00:26.7]
how did they do it?
well,[b] in an nutshell,thatching involve covering the beams and rafters,the wooden skeleton of a roof[/b],
[b]with reeds and straw[/b] [news:/s/00:26.7-00:37.0] _)~zZM8K#Dnrq@
our thatchers here had [b]harvest[/b] their own natural material for the job,[b]the bundles of water reeds you see lying over beside of the barn[/b] [news:/s/00:37.0-00:44.8] :n J!i9?J9A
zG+Q_;sv;\
thatching is centailly un comm in us toaday, [news:/s/00:44.8-00:49.0]
i guess that's why so many of u come to this demostrantion. [news:/s/00:49.0-00:52.1] C&v!EI_R
but it wasnt always that way. [news:/s/00:52.1-00:54.4]
in 17century,the [b]colonist[/b] here thatch their roof with reeds and straws, [b]just as them had done in england[/b]. [news:/s/00:54.4-01:02.5] ;VM;TYh(y$`&IX2c`
after while,they begin to replace the thatch with wooden [u][b]shingle[/b][/u],because wood is so plentful./`PQ5["FK
and eventually,other roofing materials like [b]stone,slate,clay tiles [/b]come to use. [news:/s/01:02.5-01:14.3] r7I|O4p)Vt

it's real shame most people do not realize how strong and long lasting a thathing roof is. 4?D@:~6D8AGp o
in ireland,where thatching is still [b]practised[/b],the roof can [b]survive[/b] wind up to 110 m/h.that is because the straw and reeds are so flexible,they [b]bend [/b]but dont break in wind like other material can.
  [news:/s/01:21.6-01:36.3]
another advantage is roof make the house cool in summer and warm in the winter. [news:/s/01:36.3-01:41.4]
and then of course  is the roof's [b]longevity[/b] [news:/s/01:41.4-01:44.1] fF ?$tUR+r1U
the average is 60 y,but it can last up to 100 y.
with all these reson,to start thatch roof again, wont it be wonderful to see this [b]disappearing craft[/b]  return to populality?j2j KT k0O
[news:/s/01:48.7-01:57.3]4q,qKS^/O
[/N[CTlDq
[[i] 本帖最后由 pulse 于 2008-5-16 10:59 编辑 [/i]]

pulse 2008-4-28 08:42

准备总结一下听过的。。。

pulse 2008-4-30 12:42

#16

[b]4.30  geology#1 earth interior[/b]| rT~ `v

i'm glad you brought up the question of our investgation into the makeups of earth interior. [news:/s/00:08.4-00:14.1] $@y8w]W(F F
ZU&_T?`eu
in fact, since this is the topic of your reading assignment for next time. [news:/s/00:14.1-00:18.7] Z0f1y)^qV-d4Ch f
let me spend the last few minutes of the class talking about it. [news:/s/00:18.7-00:22.2]
there were several important discovery in [b]the early part of this[/b] century [news:/s/00:22.2-00:26.1] ,-F1iBO/P*S
that help geologists develop more [b]accurate[/b] pictuer of earth interrior.  [news:/s/00:26.1-00:30.8] \X!z7{Y
ad+V;W}xtMr"h
the 1st key disccovery had to with [b]seismic[/b] waves, [news:/s/00:30.8-00:34.5] +f!?%kj$M
remember, they are the [b]vibrations[/b] caused by earthquake. [news:/s/00:34.5-00:38.3]
scientists found them travel k miles through the earth interior. [news:/s/00:38.3-00:43.7]
this finding enable geologists to study the inner parts of the earch [news:/s/00:43.7-00:48.6]
you see, the study reveal that these vibrations  were of 2 types."X+]@?_5{a
Compression or  P waves and Shear or S waves,and reasech found the p waves travel through both [b]liquids[/b] and [b]solids[/b] [news:/s/01:02.4-01:08.3] , while s waves only travel through solid matter, [news:/s/00:53.1-01:08.3] 8Bgf"Hy&r4L{
in 1906, british geologist discovey thoht p waves slow down at certain depth,but kept traveling deepgtS,Rxh\
on the other hand, s waves even disperar or were reflect back ,
so he conclude that [b]the depth  marked the boundary between[/b] solid mantle and liquid core. [news:/s/01:22.8-01:29.5] B)EixV.@!`#K
3 ys later,another boundary  was discovery ,that between the mantle and earth [b]crust[/b].
there are still a lot to be learn about the earch,for instance,G know the core is hot, evidents of this is the [b]molten[/b] [b]lava[/b] that folw out from [b]volcanoe[/b].,but we still not sure what source the heat is.F z;M/^N%iy

crust Tt*X^zy$o$fa
mantel
core
)_? H)LRj
[[i] 本帖最后由 pulse 于 2008-5-16 10:59 编辑 [/i]]

pulse 2008-4-30 12:44

#17

[b]4.30 geology # 7 ocean[/b]

one reason [b]oceanographer[/b] analyze the [b]sediment[/b] of the ocean [b]floor[/b] ,is to see how long-term changes in earth temperature[b] have affected[/b] the depth of ocean.
by anslyzing the remains of sea animal in the old layers of ocean sediment , oceanographer can determine the depth of the ocean in the past.
they'[b]ve analyzed[/b] hundreds of such layer,including some from the [b]coldest[/b] period of earth history, the ice age.9o5T)|3x!X
what they found is during the ice age the amount of the water in the ocean decrese.
water level in the ocean drop by about 400 feet [news:/s/00:45.5-00:50.1]
water from the ocean [b]evaporated[/b] ,and became [b]frozen[/b] in [b]continental glaciers[/b] [news:/s/00:50.1-00:55.7] , so it did not drain back into ocean.*tv(US1~o xz*}
[url=news:/s/]news:/s/[/url]0m:G"|v N/o&G
when temp eventually rose again, the glacier [b]melted[/b] and ocean return to their formal depth. m;},r-u%K
[b]analysis[/b] [b]sedimentary[/b] data indicate the periods of glacier freezing and melting occur in regular cycle, 2000,4000,and 100,000ys. [news:/s/01:06.2-01:20.3] 4S*X,z&a'P J
oceanographer is interesting history sea water levers because they hope to use these historican data.
in order to predict possible affect that glober warming could have on sea water levers.
if[b] industrial pollutants[/b] are[b] capable of[/b] heating globe tempreature to the point that the glacier begin to melt,it's urgen for us to know [b]precisely[/b] how high sea lever would rise as result..oR#D4N2KCT
[news:/s/01:34.7-01:49.7]DHrH`
V-uR"r7Id;r6Ap
[[i] 本帖最后由 pulse 于 2008-5-16 11:00 编辑 [/i]]

pulse 2008-4-30 12:52

跟读更痛。。。

pulse 2008-5-3 13:59

#18

5.3 [b]climatic change[/b]z%o]0Q?&k+C

}#|lmMml`
today i want to talk about the [b]earth last major climatic shift[/b],at the end of last ice age [news:/s/00:05.9-00:13.2]
but first, let's bakc up a monment,and review waht we know about climatic change in general. [news:/s/00:13.2-00:19.2]
first,we define climate as [b]consisten[/b] pattern of weather over signifcant period of time  [news:/s/00:19.2-00:25.3]
in general,changes in climate occur when energy balance of earth is disturbed.,
[b]solar energy enter the earth atmosphere as light[/b] and [b]radiated[/b] by earth surface as heat [news:/s/00:31.2-00:38.3]
land water ice each affect the energy exchange diff. [news:/s/00:38.3-00:43.3] pG7A;Obh$z1Cy
the system is so [b]complex[/b] that [b]to date[/b] our best computer model are only [b]crude approximations[/b]. [news:/s/00:43.3-00:50.7] W8kD(Irs+M
and it not [b]sophisticated[/b] enough to test [b]hypothesis[/b] about the cause of climatic change. [news:/s/00:50.7-00:57.2]
of course ,taht does not keep us from [b]speculating[/b] [news:/s/00:57.2-01:00.5]
M2VrX-{-k/p M
for instance,vocano active is one [b]mechanism[/b]  might affect climatic change. [news:/s/01:00.5-01:05.8] bW:rF]i
while large vocano [b]erupt[/b],them [b]disperse[/b] tons of partical into the [b]upper atmosphere[/b]2{#Znnb9`R
when the partical there reflect light. [news:/s/01:05.8-01:14.6] +o Me)VW;_4JpLE
less light entering the system of energy exchange,the result will be cooling the earth surface. [news:/s/01:14.6-01:21.5] [0|Z/Ox n*X#Db8V
of coures this is only one possibel mechanism  globle climate change. [news:/s/01:21.5-01:26.1]
in all [b]probabilty[/b], a [b]complete[/b] [b]explainatation[/b] will invole sevel diff mechnism [b]operating[/b] the same time. [news:/s/01:26.1-01:33.9]
qMf)CEG;g
[[i] 本帖最后由 pulse 于 2008-5-16 11:01 编辑 [/i]]

pulse 2008-5-3 20:36

#19 5.3 tornado

[b]tornado[/b]

the winds of tornado is the most [b]violent[/b] and [b]destructive[/b] ones on earth  [news:/s/00:05.5-00:11.1]
any of you who have seen one, knows very well how [b]frightening[/b] and powerful they are. [news:/s/00:11.1-00:15.8]
what's interesting [b]about them[/b] is that scientists donot actually know exactly  why tornado occur.
we  do know, however, what happens when tornadoes are formed. [news:/s/00:21.9-00:25.8] I G)L!\{7S0@'?
as you remember, a [b]front[/b] occurs when cool dry air from the north meets  warm, humid air coming from the south [news:/s/00:26.9-00:33.3]  (from the Gulf of Mexico, for tornadoes in the United States).kk$u#u3kG
when [b]these air masses meet[/b] [news:/s/00:37.2-00:38.7] , [b][u]a narrow zone of storm clouds develops[/u][/b] [news:/s/00:38.7-00:41.4] ,
and [b]thunderstorms[/b], and sometimes tornadoes, occur. [news:/s/00:41.4-00:45.5]
How is this violent weather produced?  [news:/s/00:45.5-00:47.7]
well, a [b]mass [/b]of warm, humid air rises very rapidly.  [news:/s/00:47.7-00:52.4] (Kv1U#gC
As it rises, more warm air [b]rushes[/b] in  to replace it. [url=news:/s/]news:/s/[/url]  [news:/s/00:52.4-00:56.4] +o fz0o,Q E
This [b]inrushing[/b] air also rises, and in some cases,  [news:/s/00:56.4-01:09.8] R6mX7Xk!\Q4` \
especially when there is[b] extreme thermal instability[/b], begins to [b]rotate[/b]. [news:/s/01:00.6-01:05.6]
  When this happens, the rotating air forms a tornado.  [news:/s/01:05.6-01:09.8]
Even if you've seen tornadoes only in movies, you know that they can [b]demolish[/b] buildings in seconds [news:/s/01:09.8-01:15.6]
This is possible because when a tornado passes over a house, it [b]sucks[/b] up air from around ){3eN9VR.d
the house and so the air pressure outside the house drops rapidly.  [news:/s/01:15.6-01:26.1] N(H#D&K-~%oo
  Inside, pressure remains the same.  [news:/s/01:26.1-01:29.0]
So, air pressure  inside is  greater  than air pressure outside. [news:/s/01:29.0-01:33.1] The result is that the  building explodes outward. [news:/s/01:33.1-01:36.7]
Next, we'll talk a little bit about how new technological developments are being
used to try to [b]predict[/b] tornadoes.

[[i] 本帖最后由 pulse 于 2008-5-16 11:01 编辑 [/i]]

pulse 2008-5-4 08:08

#20 5.4 fossile fuels

fossil fuels
Today I want to discuss fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas.  [news:/s/00:06.4-00:12.6] h gku jy
The term "fossil fuel" refers to the [b]trapped[/b] remains of plants and animals in [b]sedimentary[/b] rock. [news:/s/00:12.6-00:19.8] 4Df GA5P
You see, living plants [b]trap[/b] energy from the sun by the process of [b]photosynthesis[/b],  [news:/s/00:19.8-00:25.8] QI%_O5mJ6v#F U
and they store the energy in their chemical [b]compounds[/b]. [news:/s/00:25.8-00:29.4] ^5`Uf-ez.F#B
Most of that energy is released when the plant dies and decays.  [news:/s/00:29.4-00:33.9] 8a~:Yg9Z){yX7lWV
However, sometimes [b]organic[/b] matter is [b]buried[/b] before it decays completely.  [news:/s/00:33.9-00:39.5] d{~0p/^xkb o)U7~
In this way some of the solar energy becomes [b]trapped[/b] in rocks  [news:/s/00:39.5-00:44.3]
[url=news:/s/]news:/s/[/url]--- [b]hence[/b] the name fossil fuel. [news:/s/00:44.3-00:46.5] W(N){ V C/Q)[)d6z
Although the amount of [b]organic[/b] matter trapped in any one growing season is small,  [news:/s/00:46.5-00:52.2] Y)j(GS$d{'G^
the accumulated remains from millions of years are considerable.  [news:/s/00:52.2-00:56.9] Y8u2Gc-T@5G.J/Q'yN
Because the accumulation rate is so slow [news:/s/00:56.9-01:00.1]
--- [b]millions of times slower than[/b] the rate at which we now [b]dig up[/b] this organic matter and burn it for energy [news:/s/01:00.1-01:06.8]  gL4a4C7^Cup"m
--- we must consider fossil fuels as nonrenewable resources.  [news:/s/01:06.8-01:11.5]
Tomorrow we'll be discussing [b]alternatives[/b] to fossil fuels that can be renewed.  [news:/s/01:11.5-01:19.9]2\&A9|~)] s1\:?n(P'u
p{1~~2aSo
[[i] 本帖最后由 pulse 于 2008-5-16 11:02 编辑 [/i]]

pulse 2008-5-4 08:11

#21 5.4 Mount Everest

no long ago, some of u may read about the team of [b]mountain-climbing scientists[/b] [news:/s/00:14.6-00:22.3] who help to recalculate the elevation of the highest mountain in the world--Mount Everest [news:/s/00:11.8-00:22.3]
of courese, the elevation of Mount Everest was determined many ys ago [news:/s/00:22.3-00:26.0] ,using the traditional [b]survey[/b] methods. [news:/s/00:26.0-00:27.8] 1Qe H%DG
but this scientist want to make a more [b]precise measurement[/b],using a new methold, that makes advantange of recent advance technology [news:/s/00:27.8-00:36.7] c6SLA(Q
it's called global positioning system. [news:/s/00:36.7-00:39.3]
the global positioning system use 24 [b]satellites[/b] that [b]circle[/b] the earth. [news:/s/00:39.3-00:45.2] @i+Fq1N
each of satellites is [b]constantly[/b] sending out signal [news:/s/00:45.2-00:48.8] +\m(J5i!?K,p&|*S#z
and each signal containt important info that can be used to determine the[b] longitude,latitude, ,elevation[/b] of any point of earth surface. [news:/s/00:48.8-00:58.3]
well, in order to use this system to calcualte Mount Everest's elevation [news:/s/00:58.3-01:02.8]
.,scientist need to put speical recivecer on its [b]summit[/b] to receive signal .from the seatlite. [news:/s/01:02.8-01:06.8]
the problem is that in the past,the receiver is much too [b]heavy[/b] for [b]climber[/b] to carry. [news:/s/01:08.6-01:14.6] n:ztp#h
V;s1}5ZL7K
but now this receiver has been reduced to about the size and [b]weight[/b] of a [b]hand-held telephone[/b]. [news:/s/01:14.6-01:20.4]
so climber was able to take the receiver to the top of E [news:/s/01:20.4-01:23.7]
from then, to [b]access[/b] the satellites system signal allow they to determine the precise elevation. [news:/s/01:23.7-01:30.8] "v7?z2? @
and it turns out, the famous peak is actually a few feet higher than was [b]previously[/b] thought. [news:/s/01:30.8-01:37.8]

[[i] 本帖最后由 pulse 于 2008-5-16 11:02 编辑 [/i]]

pulse 2008-5-4 10:39

#22 5.4

[b]5.4 Auk large bird[/b]"J.Vajrq(dn
'S*iO+]2[V'^&YP^.W
we've just seen  2 contemporary large birds that can not fly [news:/s/00:07.5-00:12.4] . the [b]emu and ostrich[/b]  [news:/s/00:12.4-00:14.6] V7s~1| \e,HY4EZ
over [b]here[/b] is an interesting [b]specimen[/b] from the past [news:/s/00:14.6-00:17.6] , a+c8Q|1_)_BD
this [b]stuffed[/b] animal is not[b] giant penguin as it appear to be ,but auk[/b]. [news:/s/00:17.6-00:23.0]
this particular kind of auk are very [b]rare[/b],only 78 [b]skins[/b] are known to exist,and most are not preserve as well as this one.
[news:/s/00:23.0-00:31.2] wK@N%x[{(T;^_,R
the great auk , as you can see, was rather large bird,and it cannot fly either. [news:/s/00:31.2-00:37.4]

however,evidences suggest the  auk was [b]excellent swimmer and diver[/b]. [news:/s/00:37.4-00:41.5] [Uk/\8K
unfortuanal, those [b]abilities did not protect it from being easy prey of hungry sailor[/b] who ys ago sailed the very cold and often ice water of greenland and iceland and scotland. [news:/s/00:41.5-00:52.9] o'GQ"P `w{W9wd
if fact ,records indicate that auk  is rather [b]tasty[/b] and their[b] eggs and feathers is usful as well[/b]. [news:/s/00:52.9-01:02.8]
still,it's not clear what other factors let the big birds [b]demise[/b] around 18 44,the last time anyone report to see one. [news:/s/01:02.8-01:11.2] ;w8Y;{gAM9vr6j
of course, we believe it's important to take extra [b]precaution[/b] to preserve the remaing great auk specimen [news:/p/01:11.2]
after all,this specimen should prove invalueable for future sci reseach [url=news:/s/]news:/s/[/url]'qRn*I9Jja/Q
;f'[1\j ~$R x*bO1m
[[i] 本帖最后由 pulse 于 2008-5-16 11:03 编辑 [/i]]

pulse 2008-5-5 09:51

#23

5.5 cold、warm bloodN6`,{R9v
)QN9H]} Qz
? class
before i tell u about the interesting discovery related to Tyran rex.
i need review something we study last semester.
the difference between what are commonly called cold blood and warm bolld animal. H;e;IGyJp
in warm blood animal, birds and [b]mammals[/b] .. for example,the body temperature normally stays within narrow range,no matter what the outsides temp is.%s?Tti4xK.n
as result ,a warm blood is usualy [b]active[/b] in both cold and hot weather,because it's body temp can adjust to the temp of outsider enviroment
on the otherhand, cold blood animal such as most [b]reptiles, amphibians[/b], and insects,are unable to create  enough [b]heat internally[/b] to [b]raise their temp above[/b] temp of enviroment.l6F6g&RT| U9~
so for example, the temp of cold blood an [b]falls[/b] when env is cold.eqQrPg
~]d(DZ)r2U
i hope this [b]distinction[/b] is clear.?]y*]-f"SJ;sF
moving on to the Tyran rex,you may know, the tyran rex ,[b]being reptiles[/b], are generally  belived to be cold blooded.5HH;Hl%k E
while recent reseach study find the chemical composision of[b] bones of ty  was consisten  with the bones[/b] of anim that have a very narrow range of internal temp, indicating that it's possibly warm blood.}9z0Q9c8_eC

[[i] 本帖最后由 pulse 于 2008-5-16 11:03 编辑 [/i]]

pulse 2008-5-5 09:54

#24

5.5 waspv!m k$p5`*r
)YV-y2mU^&I@
today i want to talk to u about the wasps and their nests [news:/s/00:05.6-00:10.3] 4CO8f&m7xY
as u recall, biologist divide [b]species[/b] of wasp into 2 groups. [news:/s/00:10.3-00:15.1] 5t;u6W,Xt,m,n
,[b]solitary and social[/b] [news:/s/00:15.1-00:17.2]
solitary waps,  [b]as the name implies,[/b] does not live together with other wasps, [news:/s/00:17.2-00:23.1] _/_LA5h K
in most species, the male and female get together only to mate. [news:/s/00:23.1-00:27.6] _@xBO$D3BH
and then fealmal does all the work of building the nest and providing food for offspring by herself [news:/s/00:27.6-00:34.1] Vh+I"FK
solitary wasp usualy make nest in the ground.  [news:/s/00:34.1-00:37.9] 5S#J*Y$g-Qq
and they [b]separate the chamber for individual offspring[/b] [b]with bits of grass, stone,or mud, whatever is handy[/b]. [news:/s/00:37.3-00:44.8] J BDQh]B
form a commnity and work toge to build and [b]maintain[/b] their nests [news:/s/00:44.8-00:52.5] (BIG9~d?
a nest begin in the spring when a [b]fertile[/b] female called queen build the 1st few [b]compartment[/b] of nest and lays eggs [news:/s/00:52.5-01:00.0]
the 1st offspring are small female cannot lay egges [news:/s/01:00.0-01:11.9]
these f called workers. build a lot of new [b]compartment[/b]
and queen lays more egges
they also [b]care[/b] for the new offs and [b]defend[/b] the  nests with their [b]stingers[/b].  [news:/s/01:11.9-01:16.3]
btw,only f wasps have stingersnews:/s/ [news:/s/01:16.3-01:20.3] /veVT1bvV1Q
most social wasps made nests of  paper  [news:/s/01:20.3-01:23.8] MZn.{(z
the f produce the paper by [b]chewing up plant fiber[/b] on old wood [news:/s/01:23.8-01:28.6]
They [b]spread the paper in thin layers[/b] to make [b]cells[/b] in which the queen lays her eggs8_$XD*Q+s F
[news:/s/01:28.6-01:33.9]
most of you i am sure have these nests, suspend from trees [news:/s/01:33.9-01:43.8] L'Q+`%Eh`G0`
them may also be build undergroud ,in [b]abandoned rodent burrows[/b]

[[i] 本帖最后由 pulse 于 2008-5-16 11:04 编辑 [/i]]

pulse 2008-5-7 07:54

#25

5.6 mineralsVo,q{g0i$b xq
presentation
i thank d for invent me to be here .
I have been collecting [b]minerals[/b] for years. [news:/s/00:16.4-00:19.0] E[]_qN(b
My collection is really [b]diverse[/b] because I've traveled all over the world to find them.  [news:/s/00:19.0-00:24.6]
Today I've brought a few [b]specimens[/b] for you to see.  [news:/s/00:24.6-00:34.1] JF1|6Mu7nz9AR4_
After I discuss each one, I'll pass it around so that you can look at it more closely. n` wD PJW
As you know, feldspars are the most [b]abundant[/b] minerals and are [b]divided[/b] into a number of types.  [news:/s/00:34.1-00:41.3] -@Fa.xA/h8P?$H
These first samples are orthoclases. Notice that they [b]vary[/b] in color from white to pink to red. @#A8x`f
[news:/s/00:41.3-00:48.7]
This glassy one is found in volcanic rock --- in fact, I found it in New Mexico on a collecting trip.UV9M\"WBTJ
[news:/s/00:48.7-00:55.7]
This next sample that I'll pass around is a microcline mineral --- also called amazonstone [news:/s/00:55.7-01:03.9] . UB?&B(|h~ ez4i
You can [b]identify[/b] it by its [b]bright[/b] green color [url=news:/s/]news:/s/[/url] [news:/s/01:03.1-01:07.7]
It's often used in [b]jewelry[/b] and really is quite attractive.  [news:/s/01:07.7-01:11.4] 4Bp%jmo J5t5[
These final samples are all plagioclase feldspars. Many plagioclases are very [b]rare[/b]. [news:/s/01:11.4-01:18.8]
so I'm particularly proud of the [b]va[u]ri[/u]ety[/b] in my collection.  [news:/s/01:18.8-01:22.7] x A8p5G%b@$b-I
I've also brought a few slides of some large mineral samples, and if you'll turn out the lights now,
I'd like to show them to you. [news:/s/01:22.7-01:31.9]8Q'p8EO9I| b
I8O?tD'L\?)~c)[
[[i] 本帖最后由 pulse 于 2008-5-16 11:05 编辑 [/i]]

pulse 2008-5-7 07:58

#26

5.6
Tz~U)HX _
the old [b]Canada[/b] road is an long lost trail between the [b]Canadian[/b] [b]province[/b] of Qbk and maine,in the northeast conner of US. [news:/s/00:08.4-00:16.4]
yes it really was lost,and finding it again is a complex process that invlolve [i][u][b]state of the art[/b][/u][/i] technology. [news:/s/00:16.4-00:23.4]
how the location of road was [b][u]pinpointed[/u][/b] is interesting [news:/s/00:23.4-00:26.8] -Z@9E?Eo
and i will return to it [b]as soon as[/b]  i will give u a little background info. [news:/s/00:26.8-00:30.8]
the road was begun 1869, a few y befor m even became a state. [news:/s/00:30.8-00:35.9]
at the time KB is an major market for [b]lifestock[/b], [b]crops[/b], fish , [news:/s/00:35.9-00:40.7]
so a road to KB seems by officials in M is necessary for trade. [news:/s/00:40.7-00:45.3] JOx3},_QDu5H"O2D
for about 20 year,the movement of people and goods were mostly from m to bkOElXk?pyq}
then the trend [b]reversed[/b] as ks canadians [b]immigrate[/b] to M [news:/s/00:49.9-00:53.6]
to [b]escape[/b] the poor crops ,a lack of job and the [b]threat[/b] of disease  [news:/s/00:53.6-00:58.0] [~-u.U}^7]q
i think was ? [b]epidemic[/b]  [news:/s/00:58.0-01:01.0] I(yd F[]%d
besinds these [b]negative[/b] reasons, [news:/s/01:01.0-01:02.6]  major buiding project in M also make the state very attractive for canadians who need a work. [news:/s/01:02.6-01:08.4]
I should [b]stress[/b] ,though, that immigration during that period went in both direction. [news:/s/01:08.4-01:12.7]
in fact the flow of people and goods were completely [b]unhindered[/b]. [news:/s/01:12.7-01:16.8]

they was not even a[b] border post[/b] untill  [news:/s/01:16.8-01:20.0] T0g9c;Umtv
the people of time [b]thought[/b] m and bk as single region,mainly because the strong french influnce. [news:/s/01:20.0-01:28.9]
which still evident in m today.8pxZzU8[E9s
eventually the road  [b]fell into disuse[/b] as major rail way is completed. [news:/s/01:28.9-01:33.6] 4s1qf Fc;`\O
finnaly people simpl forgot about it,and that is how it came to be lost.
this brings me back to the orignal topic.pA0nNg.] g2^_#R

[[i] 本帖最后由 pulse 于 2008-5-16 11:05 编辑 [/i]]

穗棉布族 2008-5-8 02:04

LZ加油~~:handshake

pulse 2008-5-8 08:23

回复 37# 的帖子

谢谢加油

pulse 2008-5-11 09:39

#27

5.11 alternative fule A-21
#ds1i\(_(D |
Since we've been discussing alternative fuels lately,  [news:/s/00:07.4-00:11.2]
I wanted to pass on to you some information I read about a new fuel that's been in the news a lot lately.
[news:/s/00:11.2-00:16.9]
It's called A-21.
It's composed of water and a chemical [b]known as naphtha[/b]. [news:/s/00:19.3-00:22.7] +vq+l7]+cc0g6A3Cj

It seems to be a very [b]promising[/b] fuel  [news:/s/00:22.7-00:24.9] pIde1t2e*o
because it's much cleaner than the [b]gasoline[/b] that we use today. [news:/s/00:24.9-00:28.1] !g!O5XgiIQ
That's not to say that it doesn't pollute, but it is cleaner. [news:/s/00:28.1-00:32.3] t'aY"p6}(dr4z
A-21 isn't like some other alternative fuels that require completely new types of [b]engines[/b]. [news:/s/00:32.3-00:38.0] Tx)o;WQ#]I2VR
A-21 still works in regular, everyday [b]combustion[/b] engines  [news:/s/00:38.0-00:42.4] sr'D'T/bT YI)j;b-Tf
---[b] like the ones in cars N!S@z;Q T!Gj7K
[/b]--- with only minor [b]mechanical modifications[/b]. [news:/s/00:42.4-00:46.6]
So changing over wouldn't be a big deal. X pyT#e
You may doubt some of these claims as many researchers have [news:/s/00:49.0-00:52.6] C:b*[cw1dd
Some people [b]feared[/b] that because it contains about 45 percent water it would freeze in the winter.
[news:/s/00:52.6-00:58.4]
But a small amount of [b]antifreeze[/b] was added to it, and that seems to have [b]solved[/b] the problem.  [news:/s/00:58.4-01:03.3] J2} U8QS} Z%J!G8Q#c
A-21 has recently [b]undergone[/b] street tests in buses in Reno, Nevada. [news:/s/01:03.3-01:08.3]
So far it seems to work just fine. [news:/s/01:08.3-01:10.6]  This is a good thing, especially in Nevada, [news:/s/01:10.6-01:12.5]
because the state government there has passed a law requiring that a large percentage of vehicles in Nevada run on alternative fuels. [news:/s/01:12.5-01:20.0]
A-21 should help.  [news:/s/01:20.0-01:21.8].Y0U:]'^*B

[[i] 本帖最后由 pulse 于 2008-5-16 11:06 编辑 [/i]]

pulse 2008-5-11 09:40

5.11 alternative fule A-21

Since we've been discussing alternative fuels lately,  [news:/s/00:07.4-00:11.2] `V!eXVR!bi:D
I wanted to pass on to you some information I read about a new fuel that's been in the news a lot lately.
[news:/s/00:11.2-00:16.9] ,v5A.b!NBD&g"j
It's called A-21.
It's composed of water and a chemical [b]known as naphtha[/b]. [news:/s/00:19.3-00:22.7] (KqYJ9F#r)U
It seems to be a very [b]promising[/b] fuel  [news:/s/00:22.7-00:24.9] )N/eN/{/NH-b
because it's much cleaner than the gasoline that we use today. [news:/s/00:24.9-00:28.1]
That's not to say that it doesn't pollute, but it is cleaner. [news:/s/00:28.1-00:32.3]
A-21 isn't like some other alternative fuels that require completely new types of [b]engines[/b]. [news:/s/00:32.3-00:38.0]
A-21 still works in regular, everyday [b]combustion[/b] engines  [news:/s/00:38.0-00:42.4] RQyY't"|/u
---[b] like the ones in cars[/b] -H\R0h m)o[7A8W
--- with only minor [b]mechanical modifications[/b]. [news:/s/00:42.4-00:46.6]
So changing over wouldn't be a big deal. &WWfU5k5t r
You may doubt some of these claims as many researchers have [news:/s/00:49.0-00:52.6]
Some people [b]feared[/b] that because it contains about 45 percent water it would freeze in the winter.
[news:/s/00:52.6-00:58.4]
But a small amount of [b]antifreeze[/b] was added to it, and that seems to have [b]solved[/b] the problem.  [news:/s/00:58.4-01:03.3] 3z WX ?e$@6_#P-c;l~
A-21 has recently [b]undergone[/b] street tests in buses in Reno, Nevada. [news:/s/01:03.3-01:08.3] CS(@4wh
So far it seems to work just fine. [news:/s/01:08.3-01:10.6]  This is a good thing, especially in Nevada, [news:/s/01:10.6-01:12.5]
because the state government there has passed a law requiring that a large percentage of vehicles in Nevada run on alternative fuels. [news:/s/01:12.5-01:20.0] GBlVc#m5mX/t
A-21 should help.  [news:/s/01:20.0-01:21.8]

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